LiCl precipitation

Heparin inhibits many enzymes, including all RNases, therefore, it is criticalfor this step. It also inhibits the labeling step therefore it needs to be removed later (by a LiCl precipitation). We did not find any comparable alternative (in efficiency and cost) to heparin. The composition and concentrations of other ingredients can be changed depending on the cell type or experiment. 

LiCl precipitation—for large- and small-scale preparations At the end of... 

Generation in situ. Butyllithium (primary, secondary, or tertiary) can be generated by sonication of a mixture of lithium wire and a butyl chloride at 15° in dry THF. The corresponding butane is evolved under these conditions and LiCl precipitates the reaction is generally complete within 15 min. The highly useful lithium diisopropylamide can be prepared by sonication of a mixture of diisopropylamine, lithium, and butyl chloride in dry THF or ether. The yield is 91% and the solution can be used directly for deprotonation. Other lithium amides, even LiTMP, can be prepared in the same way. 

The following reaction was originally conducted in THF solution using LiLZB" ,2Co( i-Cl)2Li(ether)2, which is four-coordinate at cobalt and has mixed coordination of EtaO and THF at the lithium ion.1 By using TIL Bu Pr2 instead as the diketiminate source, the authors obtained the three-coordinate l/B" i>i2CoCI. Here, the lithium salt is used but in hot toluene, the LiCl precipitates, and the three-coordinate monomer is obtained. This method eliminates the need for using the thallium salt. 

HCl reacts very rapidly with LKRBHa) in diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, or n-pentane (25 C, 15 minutes) to generate pure RBHg, according to Li(RBH3) + HCl RBH2 + LiCl + H2. LiCl precipitates from diethyl ether or n-pentane [1]. 

The fate of RF-RNA in . coli was studied by fractionation of the isolated RNA by LiCl precipitation. RF-RNA is soluble in solutions of 1.0 and 1.5 M LiCl. Single-stranded RNA and double-stranded RNA with attached single-stranded RNA (RI-RNA) precipitate in 1.5 M LiCl at —12° C. More label was found in the LiCl-soluble fraction in cell samples which were incubated for longer time intervals after exposure to RF-RNA. The amount of labeled RF-RNA converted from a salt-soluble to an insoluble RNA in a given time interval varied from experiment to experiment, dep nding on the amount of input RNA (Koch and Vollertsen, unpublished). With small amounts of RF-RNA (less than 1 (xg/g of cells) 50% of the RF-RNA label was found in a LiCl-sedimentable form. With more RF-RNA (30 (xg/g of cells), the ratio of input counts in LiCl supernatant fluid to LiCl sediment was 9.2 1 at 20 min and 4.6 1 at 120 min (Table 11). 

The salt is extremely hydroscopic and is used in dehumidification appHcations. It is very soluble in water (Table 4). The hydrates LiCl 2H20 [16712-19-9] and LiCl H2O [16712-20-2] precipitate at temperatures below 100°C. The anhydrous salt precipitates at 100°C. The salt has appreciable solubiHty in alcohols and amines. 

Total RNA was isolated from mycelia cultured 6 days on PG-inducing and non- inducing conditions (apple pectin and glucose, respectively). The RNA extraction was performed according to the phcnol-SDS method combined with selective precipitation using LiCl. RNA concentration was estimated by absortion at 260nm. 

Both LiCl and KC1 are soluble in water, but Li3P04 is not very soluble. Hence the addition of K3P04(aq) to a solution of the white solid will produce a precipitate if the white solid is LiCl, but no precipitate if the white solid is KC1. The best method is a flame test lithium gives a red color to a flame, while the potassium flame test is violet. 

It is prepared by the gradual addition of aluminium chloride to a slurry of lithium hydride in ether. The precipitated LiCl and unreacted LiH are fdtered off. 

In a typical experiment the isocyanate (0.006 moles) was reacted with 1.5 g of the polysaccharide in 150 ml of a 5% LiCl/ N,N-dimethylacetamide solution at 90°C under nitrogen for two hours. The appearance of a strong infrared absorbance at 1705 cm l was an indication of carbamate formation. The derivatized polymer was isolated as a white powder by precipitation of the reaction solution into a nonsolvent such as methanol. Alternatively thin films were cast directly from solution the lithium salt could be removed by rinsing with acetone. Figure 1 illustrates the reaction of cellulose with phenyl isocyanate. 

In a typical example (Figure 2), the 2,2-dichloropropionate ester of chitin was prepared by reacting 1.0 g of chitin dissolved in 100 ml of a 5% LiCl/N,N-dimethylacetamide solution with 0.006 moles of 2,2-dichloropropionyl chloride at 140°C for three hours. The product was isolated by precipitation into methanol. 

The method of preparation of the proteins is of great importance. Not only does it affect the amount of polydispersity, but the conformation of the proteins themselves varies depending upon the conditions of preparation. Urea-treated proteins can be renatured if sufficient care is taken to prevent precipitous changes in ionic conditions. Proteins have also been prepared using LiCl which avoids the harsh effects of urea. 

In the course of the reaction of LiPH2 DME with Me2SiCl2 in DME in a molar ratio 2 1 at a temperature of — 40°C, about 55 mol% of the phosphorus employed is converted to PHj. The white product that separates contains compound 10 and LiCl. Further concentration of the filtrate causes precipitation of still more compound 10, accompanied by the evolution of PH3. The main products of the reaction are PH3 and compound 10 (34). 

The swelling of the cathode (CFx) influences the discharge through the formation of a LiF precipitate (23). A film of LiCl is formed on the Li anode by its reaction with the depolarizer SOCI2 this causes the voltage delay during discharge (24). 

Semiaqueous or Nonaqueous Solutions. Although the measurement of pH in mixed solvents (e.g., water/organic solvent) is not recommended, for a solution containing more than 5% water, the classical definition of a pH measurement may still apply. In nonaqueous solution, only relative pH values can be obtained. Measurements taken in nonaqueous or partly aqueous solutions require the electrode to be frequently rehydrated (i.e soaked in water or an acidic buffer). Between measurements and after use with a nonaqueous solvent (which is immiscible with water), the electrode should first be rinsed with a solvent, which is miscible with water as well as the analyte solvent, then rinsed with water. Another potential problem with this type of medium is the risk of precipitation of the KC1 electrolyte in the junction between the reference electrode and the measuring solution. To minimize this problem, the reference electrolyte and the sample solution should be matched for mobility and solubility. For example, LiCl in ethanol or LiCl in acetic acid are often used as the reference electrode electrolyte for nonaqueous measurements. 

Urine is centrifuged at 1500 xg (25°C/10 min). A volume of the supernatant that is equivalent to 10 pmol creatinine is mixed with an equal volume of 0.2 M precipitation buffer. This mixture is incubated for 30 min at 37°C in a water bath, once again centrifuged at 1500 xg (10 min) and the supernatant is discarded. In addition, the tube is drained for 30 min by inversion. The pellet is dissolved in 150 pi aqueous LiCl solution (2 M) and mixed with 800 pi ethanol. This solution is transferred to a centrifuge tube and spun at 1500 xg (10 min). The supernatant is aspirated and the... 

To a suspension of the cyclopalladated compound (12.95 g, 47 mmol) in acetone (300 mL) is added an excess of LiCl (6.77 g, 150 mmol). This mixture is heated with vigorous stirring until the precipitate has dissolved. It is likely that with an excess of LiCl the salt Li[PdC6H4CH2N(CH3)2Cl2] is formed, which is stable only in acetone in the absence of water. Addition of water to this solution affords immediately the chloro-bridged dimer. The yellow solution is then quickly filtered over a short column of Celite (3 cm) to retain the finely divided metallic palladium and the column washed with 50 mL of acetone. The solution thus obtained is poured into a beaker containing 400 mL of water affording a yellow precipitate. The more quickly this operation is done the better the yield of the reaction the overall time of this purification should not... 

Solubility of LiCl in MeOH, EtOH, and"BuOH is 30.4, 19.6, and 13.9%, respectively. That is why after refluxing of the reaction mixture and washing off the precipitate with alcohol, alkoxides free from LiCl are obtained. However, this reaction in many cases is also complicated by formation of bimetallic complexes. Formation of stable intermediate complexes is especially characteristic when LiOR is applied for alkoxylation. Thus Li4Y40(0Bu )12Cl2 was isolated in reaction of YC13 with 2 mols of LiOBu (i.e., on lack of OR-ligands) [553]. 

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