Lib fibers

The total tissue content of P-ARs was greater in the soleus, a muscle consisting almost entirely of slow-twitch (type I) fibers than in superficial white vastus lateralis, a muscle composed of greater than 95% fast-twitch (type lib) fibers (73). 

EXAMPLE 13.21 Type II muscle fibers are subdivided into type Ila and type Ilb. Type Ila can use both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism to produce ATP whereas type lib fibers use only anaerobic metabolism. In contrast to type I muscle fibers, type lib fibers contract rapidly after stimulation by a nerve impulse. They have evolved for short-lived, powerful contractions by the possession of characteristically active myosin ATPases and a dense packing of contractile filaments. So much of the cytoplasmic space is taken up with filaments that little exists for mitochondria. Similarly, these fibers are associated with a relatively poor blood supply. Type lib fibers are also known as white and fast-twitch muscle fibers and are adapted for short-lived but powerful contractions. The relative paucity of mitochondria and the poor blood supply impose obvious constraints on the generation of ATP during exercise. 

In the human body, most muscles are composed of a mixture of type I and type lib fibers, bnt among other animals there are examples of muscles that consist almost entirely of one particnlar type of fiber. 

The LIB fibers also show interesting properties in orientation and crystallization, as shown in Tables 9.11 and 9.12. To be specific. 

Moreover, profuse microvoids were found in the LIB fibers by using a focus ion beam (FIB) method (The images can be found in Ref. [233]). Other than the crazes usually observed in the plastic deformation of glassy polymers, the microvoids in the LIB fibers were empty and aligned in the fiber direction. Such microvoids were similar to those observed during deforming semicrystalline... 

Rat (Wistar) 3 wk 7 d/wk ad lib (W) 15 (increase in volume of mossy fiber zone, granule cell layer, and commissural association zone in hippocampus of offspring) Slomianka et al. 1989 PbAc... 

In LIBS analysis, a pulsed laser is focused on the gem surface. The laser energy ablates a small amount of gem material which burns in a short-lived plasma. As the plasma cools, excited electrons decay into lower-energy orbitals, releasing energy in the form of photons in the ultraviolet-visible-infrared range. This light is collected by optic fiber, diffracted, and recorded as a spectrum, generally between 200 and 1000 nm. 

Another example is LIBS application for real-time identification of carious teeth (Samek et al. 2003). In the dental practice, usually more healthy tissue is removed than ultimately necessary. Carious and healthy tooth material can be identified through the decrease of matrix elements Ca and P in hydroxyapatite and/or the increase of non-matrix elements, typically Li, Sr, Ba, Na, Mg, Zn and C, using pattern recognition algorithms. A fiber-based LIBS assembly was successfully used for this task. As for the case of phosphate ores evaluation, the efforts aimed at normalizing the spectrum collection conditions and procedures, so that the spectra are sufficiently reproducible for precise quantitative... 

For polyester, the fiber balloons (Figure 11a) before multiple splits are observed (Figure lib). Ballooning and splitting are followed by brushlike formations (Figure 11c) as the fiber breaks. Fibers with rounded tips can be observed (Figure lid). The rounded tips are... 

PCDDs/PCDFs LIB filter apparatus Small filter apparatus glass fiber filter/PUF GC/MS A... 

Glass fiber filter (VDI 3498, Part 1,1998) External diameter 120 mm (LIB apparatus) or 50 mm (small filter apparatus) with a collection efficiency of 99.8 % for particles with an aerodynamic diameter >0.3 //m. The filter must be baked-out at 250-400 °C before use. 

For the measurement of PCBs in indoor air, the VDI guideline 2464, Part 1 (1992) is currently in preparation. Sampling can be performed on a glass fiber filter and on PUF plugs by use of the LIB filtering apparatus or a small filter apparatus. Before sampling... 

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