Lewisite arsinous chloride

LEWISITE. A group of three closely related chlorovinyl arsine chemicals lewisite-1 (2-chlorovinyl arsine dichloride, CjHjAsClj), lewisite-2 ( /s[2-chlorovinyl] arsine chloride, C4H4ASCI3), and lewisite-3 (tns[2-chlorovinyl] arsine, CgH AsClg). Lewisite-1 was the intended product of lewisite production, but the other two were often present as by-products. Therefore, lewisite is commonly used to refer to lewisite-1 alone. The name honors Winford Lee Lewis (1878-1943), who took credit for their original synthesis and characterization in April 1918. 

Amiton orTetram, VG phosphonothioic acid, methyl-, S-(2-(diethyl amino)ethyl) 0-ethyl ester, VM Vesicants Sulfur mustard, H, HD nitrogen mustard, HN-1, HN-2, HN-3 lewisite, L mustard-lewisite, HL phenyldichloroarsine, PD phosgene oxime, CX hydrogen cyanide, AC Blood Cyanogen chloride, CK arsine, SA... 

The production of two equivalents of chloride occurs within 3 min at 20°C at 5°C, the reaction is 90% complete within 2 min, and the completion of the reaction requires several hours. The hydrolysis rate constant is reported as Imin at 20°C. Hydrolysis of 2-chlorovinyl arsine oxide is slower, resulting in lewisite oxide (chlorovinyl arsenous oxide) and polymerized lewisite oxide ... 

Although Lewisite is only slightly soluble in water (0.5 g L j [123], hydrolysis is rapid and results in the formation of the water-soluble dihydroxy arsine (2-chlorovinyl arsonous acid). In basic solution, the traws-Lewisite isomer is cleaved by the hydroxyl ion to give acetylene and sodium arsenite this occurs even at low temperatures [79, 123]. ds-Lewisite must be heated to over 40°C to react with NaOH to yield vinyl chloride, sodium arsenite and acetylene. In aqueous solution, the ds-isomer undergoes a photoconversion into the tr zws-isomer. In water and in the presence of oxidizers naturally present in the environment, the toxic trivalent arsenic of Lewisite oxide is oxidized to the less toxic pentavalent arsenic [124]. Regardless of the degradation pathway, arsenical compounds will ultimately be formed. 

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