Levitation polymerization

Kiran, E. and Gokmenoglu, Z. (1996) Density modulated supercritical levitation polymerization, ACS PMSE Preprints, 74, 406-407. (b)Gokmenoglu, Z., Xiong, Y., and Kiran, E. (1996) Volumetric properties of carbon dioxide + sulfur hexaflouride at high pressures, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 41, 354-360. 

The levitation of a micron-sized particle provides the opportunity to examine the thermochemistry of the particle and phase transformations it may undergo with no interferences from foreign surfaces [42-44]. Moreover, since the diffusion times are small, the composition becomes uniform throughout the particle much more rapidly than it would in a bulk quantity of the particulate material. Applications of the EDB to systems other than those of environmental interest seem promising. Polymerization reactions in small drops can be followed by levitating a droplet of polymer precur-... 

Heterogeneous Precipitation Polymerization in Binary Fluid Mixtures - Density Matching and Levitation... 

The notion of levitation by density matching offers the possibility for a psuedo-dispersion polymerization process that is free of added stabilizers (such as surfactants) used in conventional dispersion polymerizations. 

The quantitative analysis of the polymerization with Raman spectroscopy can be carried out by adding an internal standard to the droplet. This standard needs to be soluble, inert versus the polymerization and nonvolatile. Urea has been reported and used as an adequate substance for this purpose [26, 27]. Recent studies [28] offer another appropriate strategy to quantify the surface regression rate as a function of the droplet composition by combining shadowgraphy and Raman spectroscopy. Thus, it was possible to determine the precise composition of levitated acetone/water droplets. 

The polymerization of aqueous NaA in the acoustic levitator exhibited a large variety of morphological forms and showed the duality of polymerization of NaA and precipitation of the monomer. In that cmitext, the precipitation behavior of NaA is supposed to be investigated more thoroughly. 

Halfar, A. H., Pauer, W., Moritz, H.-U. (2014). Polymerization of partially neutralized acrylic acid in acoustically levitated droplets. In 26th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems ILASS, Bremen, Germany, 8-10 September 2014. 

Laackmann, L., Ahmed, S., Sedehnayer, R., Klaiber, M., Pauer, W., Simon, S., et al. (2012). Investigation polymerization cfNVP and drying ofPVP in an acoustic levitator using a smart camera for online process measurement. In Proceedings ICLASS. 

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