Levine, Mark

The results can be rationalized within the Levin-Mark model [55], which has been developed for the study of the energies of surface states in highly ionic compounds. The energy gap for ions in the bulk, Eb, is taken to be the lowest energy needed for the transfer of electron density from an anion ji/ to a distant cation If A is the electron affinity of the anion and 1 the ionization energy of the cation, Eb is given by... 

Inositol has been given in cases of diabetes for possible therapeutic effects on peripheral neuropathy at doses of 20 g/day with no side effects (Arendrup et al. 1989]. Recently, newborns were treated with inositol 80 mg/kg with marked benefit in respiratory distress syndrome, and no side effects were reported [Hallman et al. 1992]. In addition to the above, 10 psychiatrically healthy volunteers were given 12 g of inositol in a single dose, and no side effects or mood effects were reported [Levine et al. 1994] 15 patients were treated for 5 days each with 6 g of inositol daily for electroconvulsive therapy-induced confusion, with no clinical effects and no side effects (Levine et al. 1995b] and 4 patients with Li -induced electroencephalographic [LEG] abnormalities were treated for 7 days with 6 g daily of inositol [Barak et al. 1994] with minimal EEG effects and no side effects. 

ROBERT K. MURRAY, RAJAGOPOLIAN NARASIMHAN, MARK LEVINE, and LES PINTERIC... 

This edition is the culmination of the invaluable assistance and input from some very talented people. In particular, I want to thank Barbara MacDermott Costa, Linda D. Crane, John F. Decker, Mark Greve, Sandra B. Levine, Donald L. Merrill, Grace Minerbo, Peter Panus, and Jeffrey Rothman. I am deeply indebted to these individuals for their suggestions on previous editions. Without their help, it is unlikely that the fourth edition of this text would have ever become a reality. 

Special thanks go to those who reviewed all or part of the book Brian Castelli, Jon Coifman, Bob Corell, Hank Habicht, Greg Kats, Jon Koomey, Mark Levine, Marianne Mintz, Fred Mitlitsky,... 

From a comparison of the optical absorption and excitation data for the oxides (Table V), it is clear that the energy decreases with increasing cation size along the series Mg to Ba. The bulk exciton transitions of these oxides also decrease in a similar manner (Table VI). It is possible to make a semi-quantitative calculation of the intrinsic surface energy states using the approach of Levine and Mark (151) where the ions in an ideal surface are considered to be equivalent to bulk ions except for their reduced Madelung... 

Alkaline-Earth Oxide Surface Excilon Levels (eV) Calculated Using the Levine and Mark Approach ... 

Besides being a probe of the presence of sites in different coordination states and of their different reactivity, near-UV excitonic bands of insulating oxides can be further analyzed to obtain insights into the electronic features of surface sites responsible for such transitions, and the reasons for the peculiar reactivity related to a type of surface site/structure. To achieve this, it must be recalled that the main model for the quantitative prediction of the energies of surface states of highly ionic solids has been developed by Levine and Mark [48], where the exciton gap for surface ions, E is expressed as ... 

From comparisons of the absorption and excitation spectra for the oxides, as shown in Table I (66) it appears that the energy decreases with an increase in the cation size from Mg to Ba in the alkaline earth metal cation series. This pattern has been satisfactorily explained by using the approach of Levine and Mark (84), whereby ions located on an ideal surface are considered to be equivalent to the bulk ions, except for their reduced Madelung constants. A more detailed analysis has been carried out by Garrone et al. (60, 79), who reinterpreted earlier reflectance spectra and suggested that there is evidence of three absorption bands corresponding to ions in live, four, and three coordination—aU three for MgO, CaO, and SrO. 

Mark JE (1996) (ed). Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook, AIP Press, New York. McCartney LN, Levine S (1969). J Colloid Interface Sci 30 345. 

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