Leptin supplementation

Determine if the client is taking OTC oral leptin supplements. 

Kumar MV, Sunvold GD, and Scarpace PJ (1999) Dietary vitamin A supplementation in rats suppression of leptin and induction of UCPl mRNA. Journal of Lipid Research 40, 824-9. 

Medina, E.A., Horn, WJ7, Keim, NT,., Havel, PJ., Benito, P., Kelley, D.S., Nelson, G J. and Erickson, Ki. (2000) Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation in Humans Effects on Circulating Leptin Concentrations and Appetite, Lipids 35,783-788. 

In order to investigate the effect of CLA supplementation on human body fat, serum leptin, and serum hpids, as well as the incorporation of CLA isomers into serum lipid classes more thoroughly, Petridou et al. (15) conducted a second study. They used a higher dose and longer supplementation compared to the previous study (14), and watched interindividual and gender differences more closely. Sixteen young healthy non-obese sedentary women received 2.1 g of CLA (equally divided into the t9,rl 1- and rlO,cl2-CLA isomers) daily for 45 d and placebo for 45 d in a randomized... 

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation in Humans Effect of Circulating Leptin Concentrations and Appetite. Lipids 35 - 783—788 (2000). 

Fig. 19.3. Supplementation with CLA reduces serum leptin and body mass index (BMI) in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Subjects with type 2 diabetes were supplemented with CLA (solid bar) or safflower (diagonal striped bar) for 8 wk. The percentage differences in values for fasting serum leptin (Panel A), BMI (Panel B), or body fat (Panel C) are shown.

Kokkonen, T, J. Taponen, T. Anttila, L. Syqala-Qvist, C. Delavaud, Y. Chilliard, M. Tuori, A.T. Tesfa, 2005. Effect of body fatness and glucogenic supplement on lipid and protein mobilization and plasma leptin in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 1127-1141. 

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