Leguminosae flavonoids

Table 2.1 Some economic uses of Leguminosae flavonoids and isoflavonoids. ...

A characteristic structural feature of all Leguminosae flavonoids, regardless of subfamily, is the presence of 5-deoxy compounds. In the Papilionoideae, both 5-deoxyflavonoids and 5-deoxyisoflavonoids are found. A previous survey by Hegnauer and Grayer-Barkmeijer (1993) based on aglycone structures reported up to the end of 1985 showed that 5-OH groups... 

Advances in analytical methodology applied to Leguminosae flavonoids... 

Table 2.4 Recent species-based studies of Leguminosae flavonoids using LC-MS. ...

The potential of LC-NMR and other emerging NMR techniques for the study of Leguminosae flavonoids is only just beginning to be realized, as illustrated by the relatively small number of examples listed in Table 2.5. Nevertheless, these offer an insight into the... 

An example of the separation of flavonoid glycosides by CPC is shown in Figure 1.1. The leaves of the African plant Tephrosia vogelii (Leguminosae) were first extracted with dichlor-omethane and then with methanol. Methanol extract (500 mg) was injected in a mixture of the two phases of the solvent system and elution of the three major glycosides was achieved within 3 h. ... 

Kajiyama, K. et al., Flavonoids and isoflavonoids of chemotaxonomic significance from Glycyr-rhiza pallidiflora (Leguminosae), Phytochemistry, 31, 3229, 1993. 

Hegnauer, R. and Grayer-Barkmeijer, R.J., Relevance of seed polysaccharides and flavonoids for the classification of the Leguminosae a chemotaxonomic approach. Phytochemistry, 34, 3, 1993. 

In the first volume of The Flavonoids, published in 1975, only eight isoprenylated flavanones were described. Since then many more have been isolated and characterized, and at present the number of known isoprenylated flavanones (excluding dihydroflavonols) is nearly 300. Most of these substances have been obtained from species of Leguminosae, although their distribution is not quite so restricted as thought previously, as isoprenylated flavanones have... 

Table 16.2 lists more than 80 examples of new isoprenylated chalcones reported in the period 1992 to 2003 (see also Figure 16.7). Almost half of the compounds described here are from the Leguminosae, a trend that is also evident in earlier surveys. Other plant families that are well represented in Table 16.2 are the Moraceae and the Cannabinaceae. The literature on isoprenylated flavonoids in general has been reviewed by Barron and Ibrahim to the end of 1994 57 jjjg phenolic constituents of Glycyrrhiza species (licorice), among which are many isoprenylated chalcones, were the subject of an extensive review that includes literature published up to the end of 1996. Nomura and Hano have reviewed the literature on isoprenylated phenolic compounds of the Moraceae to the end of 1993. More recent descriptions of isoprenylated flavonoids are available for the hop plant, Humulus lupulus (Cannabinaceae),and the Moraceae genera Artocarpus and Dorstenia. ... 

In contrast to the almost ubiquitous occurrence of the flavonoids in higher plants, the isoflavonoids have a very limited taxonomic distribution. They are in general confined to one group of plants - the sub-family Lotoideae of the Leguminosae [390, 391 ]. Occasionally they occur in a few other families [326], The overall biological properties also differ from those of the flavonoids flavonoids on the whole are innocuous substances [392], but isoflavonoids usually have oestrogenic, insecticidal, piscicidal and/or antifungal activities. 

E. de Rijke, H. Zappey, F. Ariese, C. Gooijer, U.A.Th. Brinkman, Flavonoids in Leguminosae Analysis of extracts ofT. pratense L T. dubium L T. repens L., and L. comiculatus L. leaves using LC with UV, MS and fluorescence detection. Anal. 

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