Legislation dangerous substances

The two most important pieces of chemical control legislation enacted affecting the dye and pigment industries are the United States Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) and EEC s Classification, Packaging, and Labeling of Dangerous Substances and its amendments. Table 2 is a comparison of TSCA and the 6th Amendment of the EEC classifications. 

Table 14.1 Legislation affecting the classification, packaging, labelling and carriage of dangerous substances in Great Britain (including their movement in harbours and harbour areas)...

Abstract Phthalates are chemicals that have been used for over 80 years in large quantities due to their wide range of applications, mainly in the plastic industry. For many years, these compounds were not considered dangerous for humans due to their low toxicity shown in the preliminary studies and their low persistence. However, research conducted in recent years has evidenced their activity as endocrine disrupters, and they are now considered as emerging contaminants and included in the priority list of dangerous substances in the legislation of many countries. This chapter provides an overview on the properties, major uses, emission sources, environmental and human levels, current legislation, behavior and fate of phthalates, and their metabolites, with special emphasis on their toxicity and human exposure. 

Legislation on packaging and labelling of dangerous substances defines hazardous chemicals under the following categories ... 

In the EU and several other countries the legislation regulates the notification of new substances, classification, packaging, labeling and possible prohibition of dangerous substances, the safety of the work place, and the use of chemicals for more sensitive purposes, such as in foodstuffs, drugs, cosmetics, and consumer goods. 

Table 7.2 Expanded or additional regulatory biodegradability testing procedures used in dangerous substance legislation risk assessment ...

Over a period of 20 years, CESIO [1] has conducted reviews of the toxicological data available on marketed surfactants in order to provide guidance to its member companies on classification and labelling in accordance with European legislation and, initially, the requirements of Annex VI of the Fifth Adaptation to Technical Progress [2] of the Dangerous Substances Directive. The first review was carried out in 1984 [3] and the second several years later, being completed in 1990 [4]. Recommendations were made based on data available at that time on acute oral toxicity, skin and eye irritation and skin sensitisation studies. 

The current lack of knowledge of chemical risks severely hampers the substitution of a hazardous substance by a substance or process that provides a lower degree of risk [183, 189]. Legislation has even resulted in the substitution of one dangerous substance for one that later proves to also present high-level risks. Prime examples include... 

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