Legal influences

Natural environment Community, social legal influences... 

Historical Background, Legal Influences, Management Responsibility, and Safety Culture... 

Other Substances. Driving under the influence of alcohol cases are compHcated because people sometimes consume alcohol with other substances (11—13). The most common iUicit substances taken with alcohol are marijuana and cocaine (see Table 1) (14). In combination with alcohol, some dmgs have an additive effect. When a blood or urine alcohol sample is tested for alcohol and the result is well below the legal concentration threshold yet the test results are not consistent with the arresting officers observation that the subject was stuporous, further toxicological tests for the possible presence of dmgs are indicated. 

Economic Aspects. To be useful the raw materials must be recoverable at a cost not greater than the cost of similar terrestrial materials. These costs must include transportation to the point of sale. Comparative costs of recovery are strongly influenced by secondary environmental or imputed costs, such as legal costs or compensatory levies. 

A distinction should be made between the different levels of political influence operating at different levels of policy. At the macro level, the body politic is regarded as representative of the public or the electorate. Hence, politics is a means by which society decides which regulatory direction is ethically acceptable, socially preferable, economically beneficial and scientifically reliable. From the perspective of representative democracy, therefore, it is desirable for politics to determine the overall legal frameworks within which dmgs are regulated. But at the micro level, where decisions are made which apply those legal frameworks to specific cases, it is not desirable for politics to exert influence on individual cases. 

The potential link between PCP use and violent crime is reflected in the legal debate regarding the defense of diminished capacity for crimes committed by persons intoxicated with PCP (Baxley 1980). It is argued that persons who have committed violent crimes under the influence of PCP are not legally responsible for their acts because they have an inability to have criminal intent. One reviewer concluded ... 

The environmental relevance of heavy metals in energy crops results from both the use of energy crop residues as fertiliser and their influence on the conversion processes. Among the heavy metals analysed in plants, those especially relevant are the ones whose accumulation in soil and crops is caused by the energy-related input and/or the input from fertilisers (BioAbfV 2002 Diing MV 2003 Diinge V 2003) and/or whose emissions are legally limited, in particular cadmium (Cd < 0.2 mg nr1), lead (Pb < 5.0 mg nr1), copper (Cu < 5.0 mg in-3) and zinc (Zn) (TA-Luft 2002). 

It is required that the safety of a process plant fulfills a certain required level. This is because of general legal requirements, company image, and also due to economic reasons, since an unsafe plant cannot be profitable due to losses of production and capital. Thus safety should influence design decisions from the first moments of the design project. 

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