Leaf erectness

Signs The first symptoms consist of darker green streaks in a pattern of "dots" and "dashes" ("Morse code" streaking) on the lower portion of the midrib. Later, the streaks appear on the secondary veins of the leaf and then on the leaf blade. Suckers that develop after infection are usually severely stunted, which causes the leaves at the top of the stem to become bunched. Leaves are usually short, stiff, erect, and more narrow than normal. Severely infected banana plants usually will not fruit. If the plant does bear fruit, it will likely be distorted and twisted. 

Features Several erect, hairy stems, two to three feet high. Leaf and flower stalks also hairy. Roundish leaf has five to seven lobes, middle one longest. Numerous flowers (June-September), large reddish-purple, clustered four or five together on axillary stalk. 

Features Stem one and a half feet high, erect, finely furrowed, hairy, branches towards top. Leaves alternate, bipinnatifid, serrate edges, very short hairs, about four and a half by two and a half inches leaf stalk flat above, convex below. Numerous flowers (June and July), yellow disc, white petals, each on stalk. Taste, very unpleasant. 

Features Stem erect, two or three feet high. Leaves in threes, ovate-truncate, serrate, two horns at base of leaf stalk. Flowers small, yellow, in one-sided clusters. Hay-like taste and scent. 

Figure 9-7. Variation in leaf angle and hence foliar absorption coefficient with distance above the ground for (a) various idealized plants and (b) sugar beet measured at various canopy positions (Hodariova, 1979). Hie greater erectness of the uppermost leaves leads to a lower k for them and hence to better penetration of PPF down to the lower leaves.

Lilies are the classic representatives of the monocotyledons—those plants with oily ore seed leaf. Lilies are mostly perennial, erect herbs arising from a bulb. Some climb, a few are woody, but most arise from underground stems or other stractures. The leaves vary in number from ore to many, and are arranged or the stem alternately or in whorls. The leaves are flat, linear to lance-shaped, without teeth along the margins, often widen into a papery sheath where they attach to the stem, lack stalks, and are typically parallel veined. 

Oblique. —Taking a position between erect and horizontal as in the case of many stems. More developed on one side than on the other as in certain leaf blades. 

Ephedra plants are erect, branching shrubs found in desert or arid regions throughout the world. The 1.5M ft shrubs typically grow on dry, rocky, or sandy slopes. The many slender, yellow-green branches of ephedra have two very small leaf scales at each node. The mature, double-seeded cones are visible in the fall. 

Sudan grass is an annual grass with stems up to 9 ft tall that branch from the base. Leaf blades are broad to narrow up to 0.5 in. wide and 12 in. long panicles open. The plant flowers in a 12 in. long, erect, loose panicle that is approximately half as wide as it is tall. It also forms a grass or grain-like glume around seed buds with bristle-shaped tips. 

Glyceria Grandis is a tall grass with usually solitary erect stems growing to a height of about 3. The leaf blades are very long and thin, with oval spikelet about an inch long. It also has 3-8 flesh-colored flowers. The seeds of this plant resemble wheat. 

Veratrum califomicum, commonly loiown as false hellebore or com lily, is a coarse, weedy plant that thrives between 6500-7000 feet of elevation and is avoided by most livestock, but not sheep [28]. The numerous erect stems of the plant are connected to each other by underground stems or rhizomes. Some of the stems bear open clusters (panicles) of dull greenish-white flowers. Fig. (3), whereas others end in a somewhat smaller leaf. The latter. Fig. (4), are a fascinating botanical curiosity. Each leaf blade is supported by a sheath that encircles the... 

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