Lead isotopes 0+ states

Neff, H. Analysis cf Lead Isotopes in Glass Beads from lgbo-Ukwu Unpublished manuscript on file with the author, 2005 Department of Anthropology, California State University, Long Beach, CA. 

EO Transitions in 202,204pb and Intruder-State Systematics of Even-Even Lead Isotopes. 

Fig. 5. 0+ states in even-mass lead isotopes 190-208pb ... 

Ayuso, R., Foley, N., Robinson, G., Jr., Wandless, G., and Dillingham, J. (2004b). Lead isotopic compositions of common arsenical pesticides used in New England. United States Geological Survey. Open-file report 2004-1342, 14. [URL http //pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1342/]. 

Gulson BL, Davis JJ, Mizon KJ et al (1995a) Sources of lead in soil and dust and the use of dust fallout as a sampling medium. Sci Total Environ 166 245-262 Gulson BL, Mahaffey KR, Mizon KJ et al (1995b) Contribution of tissue lead to blood lead in adult female subjects based on stable lead isotope methods. J Lab Clin Med 125 703-712 Hageman KJ, Simonich SL, Campbell DH et al (2006) Atmospheric deposition of current-use and historic-use pesticides in snow at national parks in the western United States. Environ Sci Technol 40 3174-3180... 

Doe (1967) after dissolution by HF-HCIO4, mass spectrometric analysis was made from PbS-NH4N03 by the surface emission mode of ionization from rhenium filament with Faraday cup collection of ions. Data are normalized to agree with Ta-1 filament material to bring ratios within stated analytical uncertainties of Tilton s 1 1 lead isotope gravimetric standard. 

Table 20. Selected lead isotope data on basalts and silicic igneous rocks of Cenozoic age in the Rocky Mountain region. United States ...

Burger, A. J., Nicolaysen, L. O., de Villiers, J. W. L. Lead isotopic compositions of galenas from the Witwatersrand and Orange Free State, and their relation to the Witwatersrand and Dominion Reef uraninites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 26, 25—59 (1962). 

For a given hydrogen donor S—H, replacement by S—D leads to a decreased rate of reduction, relative to nonproductive decay to the ground state." This decreased rate is consistent with a primary isotope effect in the hydrogen abstraction step,... 

A more rigorous theory of kinetic isotope effects begins with the transition state equation k = (kTlh)K. Writing this for and ito leads to... 

Either step could be rate determining. Study of many reactions has shown that most occur with a significant isotopic effect, but for some reactions the isotope effect is absent.If we apply the steady state approximation to the intermediate, this reaction scheme leads to... 

Isotope effect between the HH, HD, DH, and DD isotopomers was used as an important tool to determine the mechanism of the double-proton transfer. For concerted degenerate double-proton transfers in the absence of tunneling, the rule of the geometrical mean (RGM) should hold in good approximation, which states that /chh/ hd = /cdh/ dd-Tunneling may lead to a breakdown of this rule but the relation /chh > hd = dh > dd should remain valid. In the absence of secondary isotope effects the relation /chh HD = DH = 2 /cdd sliould liold for a stepwise pathway, even if tunneling is involved. 

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