Lead dinitroresorcinol

During the preparation of dinitroresorcinol, too low a concentration of nitric acid (82%) led to formation of tarry material, some of which remained in the nitrator discharge line. In the following batch, the tar decomposed in contact with higher strength acid, leading to an explosion. 

Both 2,4-dinitrosoresorcinol (23) and 2,4-dinitroresorcinol (24) are important in the explosives industry. The lead salt of 2,4-dinitrosoresorcinol has a low ignition temperature and finds use in priming compositions and in electrical igniters. The lead salt of 2,4-dinitroresorcinol is a weak initiator but is found to exhibit high sensitivity to friction and stab action without being highly sensitive to impact, and as such, this compound has found use in primers. 

WWII. Lead-4,6-dinitroresorcinol, Basic was prepd by the British for use in electric detonators (Ref 70, pp 190 to 192)... 

This substance is prepared by the action of a hot solution of lead nitrate on a solution of sodium dinitroresorcinate. The lead salt is precipitated as the solution cools. Lead dinitroresorcinate ignites from a direct flame readily and burns with great velocity. Its initiating action is weaker than that of lead styphnate and it is less sensitive to impact and friction than styphnate. It has therefore recently found application as a component of cap compositions. It is valuable because it is safer to handle than styphnate. The preparation of dinitroresorcinol is discussed in Vol. I, p. 536. 

Dinitroresorcinol forms several salts, some of them explosive, as for example Potassium 2.4-Dinitroresorcinate, when obtd in anhydrous state, KCgHj Og, dk-red crysts, explodes on heating, while its monohydrate, yel ndls (from w) is not explosive Lead 2,4-Dinitroresorcinate, abbreviated as... 

Diplumbic Dinitroresorcinol. See Basic Lead Salt of 4,6-Dinitro-l, 3-dihydroxy benzene or Lead 4,61 Din itro resorcin ate, p D1275-.R... 

Di plumbic dinitroresorcinol see Lead 4,6-dinitro-resorcinate 5 D1275... 

Among all the possible nitro derivatives of resorcinol only di- and tri-nitroresorci-nols are of practical value. Both are used as initiating explosives in the form of lead salts (Vol. III). The lead salt (Pb2+) of dinitroresorcinol is also of some practical value and in this connection some data characteristic of the compound will be given. 

Incorrectly lists Styphnic Acid as 2,4-Dinitroresorcinol) 16) B.F. Husten, "Basic Lead Styphnate, Fine Milling of",... 

Its Basic Lead SoK, known as Lead 4,6-Dinitroresorcinate, Basic (LDNR, Basic), or Diplumbic Dinitroresorcinol,... 

The transfer time of such squibs was found by Rao et al (Ref 1) to be ca 1.5msecs. In order to vary its Pb content, pptn was conducted undet different conditions. The resulting compds showed no variations of burning characteristics and hence in transfer time. In this respect LMNR seemed to behave similarly to Lead 4,6-Dinitroresorcinol (4,6-LDNR), Pb02C6H2(N02)2 (See p D1275-R in this Vol)... 

Heavy metals are those in the series of metals that have a greater atomic weight than sodium (atomic weight 23.0). Heavy metals include lead, mercury, aluminium, chromium, etc. Heavy metals can be involved in many reactions e.g., 2,4-dinitroresorcinol is used to create heavy metal complexes. 

LDNR is generally prepared from 2,4-dinitroresorcinol and soluble lead salt (nitrate or acetate) via the sodium salt (introduced as sodium carbonate). The reaction is carried out in hot or boiling water [8-10, 14, 15]. 

Dinitroresorcinol (4,6-DNR) forms, just like the 2,4-isomer, a variety of lead salts (4,6-LDNR) including acid, normal (the structures above), and a large number of basic ones. The only salt with some recorded practical use in the past and possibly some potential for future seems to be monobasic 4,6-LDNR. 

The form prepared by Taylor et al. [21] and mentioned in [24] is made of basic salt containing 3 molecules of lead 4,6-dinitroresorcinol and 2 molecules of lead hydroxide - 3[PbDNR]-2Pb(OH)2 further reported as 2/3 salt. The ratio of lead to DNR in this substance is 5 3. The 2/3 basic lead salt has a density 3.65 g cm and it is practically insoluble in water (0.01 g/100 ml). The salt is compatible with common metals and oxidizers and stable under water for a long time (no change was observed over a period of 1 year) [24]. 

The most frequently described, and probably the only lead salt that has been practically used, is monobasic lead 4,6-dinitroresorcinol, mostly called just basic lead 4,6-dinitroresorcinol. It can be prepared in two forms— yellow and red (see Table 5.3) both having the same chemical and explosive properties [15],... 

Preparation of various basic salts is based on the reaction of either (a) lead nitrate in a basic environment (NaOH) or (b) freshly prepared lead hydroxide (precipitated from aqueous solutions of lead acetate and sodium hydroxide) with 4,6-dinitroresorcinol or its salts. 

The form of the product (Table 5.4) depends on the reaction conditions (amount of lead compound, temperature, reaction period, pH, rate and order of addition of reactants) [24]. The following forms are reported based on the temperature of the reaction mixture acid 50-60 °C preferably 55 °C, normal 40-50 °C preferably 45 °C, and 2/3 basic at 18-28 °C preferably 23 °C [25]. The particular basic salts are formed from exact molar proportions of lead salts in a basic environment (NaOH) [14, 15, 22]. The manufacturing process of 2/3 basic salt (RD 1353) has been described by Jenkins [24]. The normal salt is prepared from 4,6-dinitroresorcinol in an aqueous suspension of freshly prepared lead hydroxide [25]. Crystal modifiers (e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose) are recommended for preparation of the product in a more suitable form for processing [26, 27]. 

Large-scale manufacturing of basic lead 4,6-dinitroresorcinol was developed in Great Britain during World War 11 [8, 23]. 

LDNR Lead salt of 2,4-dinitroresorcinol lead salt of 2,4-dinitrobenzene-... 

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