Lead-acid batteries shipments

The trans-boundary shipment of used VRLA batteries must comply with all relevant terms and commitments made by the Conference of Parties, especially as lead-acid batteries are classified as a hazardous waste. 

Lead is used in batteries, inorganic chemicals, pipes, solders, electric wires, etc., but batteries accounted for 72% of the total usage of lead in 1997. Therefore it can be said that batteries play an important role in the recycling of lead. Lead-acid batteries are classified into motor vehicle batteries (for automobiles and motorcycles), industrial batteries (stationary batteries, traction batteries, etc.), small-size sealed batteries (for UPS and consumer products). Table 2.1 shows their shipments. 

It seems that the total shipment of lead-acid batteries has remained at much the same level in the past five years and that motor vehicle batteries, which accounted for 76.5% of all lead-acid batteries in 1997, have seen few changes, while industrial batteries and small-size sealed batteries have tended to gradually increase and gradually decrease, respectively. 

Table 2.1. Shipments of Lead-Acid batteries (tons)...

AU 118 1965, Storage, Shipment and Maintenance of Lead Acid Batteries for Motor Vehicles. 4 pages. Gr 2 ( 7.00). 

Lead Tetroxide. Lead tetroxide (red lead minium lead orthoplumbite), Pb O, is a brilliant orange-red pigment which accounted for U.S. shipments of 17,780 t ia 1977, mainly to the ceramics and storage battery iadustries (40). U.S. shipments ia 1993 amounted to approximately 12,000 t. The decrease ia usage siace 1973 (19,000 t) is attributable to discontinued use ia the paint and coatings (qv) iadustry, and alterations ia mbber and ceramics (qv) markets. It is iasoluble ia water and alcohol, and dissolves ia acetic acid or hot hydrochloric acid. Red lead is manufactured by heating lead monoxide ia a reverberatory furnace ia the preseace of air at 450—500°C uatil the desired oxidative composition is obtaiaed. 

Sulfuric acid comes in different grades technical, which is colored and contains impurities but which can be used to make fertilizer, steel, and bulk chemicals certified pure (CP) and U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). The last two are used to make batteries, rayon, dyes, and drugs. Rubber or lead-lined containers can be used for dilute acid iron, steel, or glass can be used for concentrated acid. Shipments require a white DOT label. 

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