Lavoisier execution

Lavoisier was executed because he was a tax collector chemistry had nothing to do with it... 

Jean-Paul Marat, for one, helped bring about the chemist s execution. Marat was also a scientist, and he had been denied admission to the Academy of Science due to Lavoisier s denunciation of his experiments on combustion. It should be noted that Marat s later turn against the chemist and the academy bears elements of a personal vendetta. 

Antoine Lavoisier was a French chemist who had the misfortune to live in revolutionary times, although he was no diehard loyalist. On the contrary, while not politically active, he held views that were very liberal for his day. Lavoisier died on the guillotine. In prerevolutionary days, he had been a frequent target of diatribes written by the radical leader Jean-Paul Marat. Marat, who once had scientific ambitions, believed that Lavoisier blocked his attempts to gain election to the French Academy of Sciences. Marat was assassinated before Lavoisier was executed, so he played no role in the latter s arrest or trial, but it is significant that he had constantly attacked Lavoisier for his role as a tax farmer. It was for his activities as a tax farmer that Lavoisier was executed. 

Lavoisier, A.L. (1743—1794). Fr Chemist, regarded as the father of modern chemistry by virtue of his study of combstn and the role of oxygen. He formulated the theory of the conservation of matter, and laid the basis for chemical nomenclature. From 1775 to 1791 he was in charge of expl manufg in Fr ( Regisseur des Poudres ). He was unjustly accused and executed during the Fr revolution Ref Hackh s (1944), 481-R (1969), 381-R... 

French-American scientist and industrialist, who studied in France under famous chemist A.L. Lavoisier (1743— 1794), unjustly accused and executed by French revolutionists. DuPont was, before emigrating to America, one of the first directors of L Administration des Poudres et Salpeters created in France in 1777 under Minister of Finances, A.R.J. Turgot (1727— 1781). DuPont arrived in this country at the end of the 18th century and in 1802 established a Black Powder Mill neat Wilmington, Delaware. This was the forerunner of the E.L duPont de Nemours St Co (Inc) of today, which is one of the largest chemical companies in the world. 

Antoine Lavoisier, shown here with his wife, Marie-Anne, who assisted him in many of his experiments, was a concerned citizen as well as a first-rate scientist. He established free schools, advocated the use of fire hydrants, and designed street lamps to make travel through urban neighborhoods safer at night. To help finance his scientific projects, Lavoisier took part-time employment as a tax collector. Because of this employment, he was beheaded in 1794 during the French Revolution. Soon after his execution, however, the French government was erecting statues in his honor. 

An authoritative and detailed look at the life and times of the father of modern chemistry. With an intriguing account of the dynamics leading to his execution, this book explores Lavoisier s life not only as a chemist but as an accountant, administrator, educator, and tax collector. 

The second, experimental part of the Opuscules consists of three genres of experiments, accurately reflecting Lavoisier s work during the previous year—a review of the principal experiments involved in the Black-Meyer controversy, the calcination of metals, and the combustion of phosphorus and sulphur. In the first three chapters, Lavoisier repeated the experiments related to the main controversy to prove that the same elastic fluid was involved in them. He maintained a quantitative thread by tracking the specific gravity of the air produced in each experiment. In the plan and execution of these experiments, he assumed that a chemical substance was uniquely defined by its composition (constituents and... 

Lavoisier formulated the rule that chemical reactions do not alter total mass after finding that reactions in a closed container do not change weight. This disproved the phlogiston theory, and he named Priestley s substance oxygen. He demonstrated that air and water were not elements. He defined an element as a substance that could not be broken down further. He published the first modern chemistry textbook. Elementary Treatise of Chemistry. Lavoisier was executed in the Reign of Terror at the height of the French Revolution. 

Cecil s suggestion came only 20 years after another fundamental discovery electrolysis (breaking water down into hydrogen and oxygen by passing an electrical current through it). That discovery had been made by two English scientists, William Nicholson and Sir Anthony Carlisle, 6 years after Lavoisier s execution and just a few weeks after the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta built his first electric cell. 

Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, born in Paris, Prance, is considered the father of modern chemistry. During the course of his career, Lavoisier managed to transform just about every aspect of chemistry. But Lavoisier was not just a scientist. He was involved in French taxation politics during a turbulent time in the country s history— the French Revolution (the first major social revolution proclaiming the liberty of the individual [ca. 1789-1799]). Because of his involvement with the ruling class, he was executed during the revolutionary days known as the Terror, at the height of his scientific career. 

In 1774 Priestley was in Paris and met Lavoisier, already at the age of 31 the foremost chemist in France. Unfortunately his brilliant career was doomed to end with his execution in 1794, a victim to the blood-lust of the French Revolution. Of him Legrange said It required but a moment to strike off his head and probably 100 years will not suffice to reproduce such another. ... 

Up to that time heat had been regarded as a fluid. In 1801 he married Mdme Lavoisier, widow of the famous scientist executed in 1794. 

Jean-Paul Marat is considered today to have been a minor scientist and was so judged by the Academie des Sciences over two centuries ago. He remains, however, famous and infamous as an impassioned and uncompromising Friend of the People —a major actor in the triumphs, excesses, and tragedies of the French Revolution. Although Marat himself was murdered on July 13, 1793, some 10 months before the execution of Lavoisier, he certainly helped to inflame passions and create the atmosphere that led the brilliant aristocrat to the guillotine on May 8,... 

Lavoisier, who had been associated with collecting taxes for the government, was executed on the guillotine as an enemy of the people in 1794. 

In the same year that Lavoisier s textbook was published, the French Revolution broke out, degenerating quickly into the wild excesses of the Terror. Lavoisier, unfortunately, was connected with a tax-collecting organization that the revolutionists considered a vicious tool of the hated monarchy. They executed, by guillotine, all its officers whom they could seize. One of them was Lavoisier. 

Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent de (1743-1794) French chemist ( father of modern chemistry ) 1764 onward at the Academy of Sciences, 1775 commissioner of the Royal Gunpowder Administration and residence in the Paris Arsenal opening of a laboratory in the Arsenal 1785-1789 collaboration with Claude Berthollet, Antoine de Fourcroy and Guyton de Morveau 1789 co-editor of the newly founded Annales de chimie. Wrote 1789 the revolutionary book Traite elementaire de chimie. 8 May 1794 executed on the guillotine. 

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