Lattice beams configuration

The study of optical lattices has been extended from ID to 2D and 3D using the phase-insensitive configurations mentioned above, and also by stabilization of the relative phases of the beams [30]. The spectra of such lattices has been studied by both absorption and emission techniques [24, 31, 32, 33, 34], as well as by photon correlation techniques [35, 36]. There have also been studies of lattices tuned far from resonance, using non-spectroscopic methods [37, 38]. ... 

Fig. 4. Schematic representation of the Bragg scattering experiment, Including the laser configuration. The angles 0l and 9p are about 45°. The probe and Bragg reflected beams are counterpropagating to lattice laser beams.

The crystal structure of YF3 at room temperature is Pnma, with Y ions in sites of Cs symmetry (Wyckoff, 1%4). A higher temperature hexagonal form has also been observed (Sobolev and Fedorov, 1973). The index of refraction is 1.550 at the sodium D line doublet (X = 0.589 p,m) and the dielectric constant is 10.0 at / = 760 kHz (Dulepov et al., 1976). The polarized infrared spectrum of YF3 has been obtained and the lattice vibrations have been analyzed and assigned to symmetry species (Rast et al., 1969). Electron-beam and ultraviolet excitation of rare-earth doped YF3 has determined the energy separation of the configurations 4f"" 5d and 4f" for several rare earths (Yang and DeLuca, 1976). 

Dislocations. Dislocation configurations have been studied mainly by diffraction contrast bright-field imaging since this method is very sensitive to lattice strain fields. Under these conditions, dislocations appear as dark lines when two-beam diffraction conditions close to s 0 are used. A network of dislocations in the basal plane (0001) of zinc is visible in Figure 66. 

Abstract In this tutorial we describe the basic principles of the ion implantation technique and we demonstrate that emission Mossbauer spectroscopy is an extremely powerful technique to investigate the atomic and electronic configuration around implanted atoms. The physics of dilute atoms in materials, the final lattice sites and their chemical state as well as diffusion phenomena can be studied. We focus on the latest developments of implantation Mossbauer spectroscopy, where three accelerator facilities, i.e., Hahn-Meitner Institute Berlin, ISOLDE-CERN and RIKEN, have intensively been used for materials research in in-beam and on-line Mossbauer experiments immediately after implantation of the nuclear probes. 

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