Latin terms abbreviations

Do not use italic type for common Latin terms and abbreviations. 

Latin and abbreviations still form much of the prescription vocabulary. This list of terms provides the English equivalent for both the prescription term and its common abbreviation. 

The test taker must know commonly used abbreviations and their meanings. Examples include PRN, an abbreviation for pro re nata, a Latin term meaning as needed or as circumstances require, and b.i.d., an abbreviation for bis in die, a Latin term meaning twice a day. Many such abbreviations are used in medical prescribing, and the nurse must be knowledgeable about them. 

Water, as the simplest alcohol, should also be able to act as a nucleophile towards aldehydes and ketones and produce a gem-d o, sometimes termed a hydrate. The prefix gem is an abbreviation for geininal (Latin gemini twins) we use it to indicate two like groups on the same carbon. However, for most aldehydes and ketones, the equilibrium is unfavourable, and the reaction is not important. 

Compounds that rotate the plane toward the left (counterclockwise) are called levorotatory, from the Latin word laevus, meaning toward the left. These terms are sometimes abbreviated by a lowercase d or Z. Using IUPAC notation, the direction of rotation is specified by the (+) or (—) sign of the rotation ... 

Latin abbreviations are often used in procedures. Since Latin is a foreign language, these terms should be shown in italics (as should all foreign language words and abbreviations). 

Facsimile combines copying with data transmission to produce an image of a subject copy at another location, either nearby or distant. Although the Latin phrase/acsimi/e means to make similar, since 1815 the compressed phrase facsimile has been taken to mean exact copy of a transmission (Quinn, 1989). The image of the subject copy is referred to as a facsimile, or record, copy. Often the abbreviated reference fax is used in place of the longer term facsimile. 

A dilatometer (Latin dilatatio, an extension, and metmm, a measure) is an instrument to measure volume or length of a substance as a function of temperature. A summary description of the technique is given in Fig. 6.1. When one makes a volume or length measurement under tension or load, one applies the term thermomechanical analysis, abbreviated TMA, to the technique. Instrumentation and applications are described in Sects. 6.2-6.5. If the applied stress or the dimension of the substance varies as a function of time during measurement, the technique is caWeddynamicmadianicalanalysis, abbreviated DMA. Dynamic mechanical analysis has developed into such an important thermal analysis technique that a separate course of instruction is needed to do justice to the topic. Only a short summary is given in Sect. 6.6 to serve as an introduction to the field. 

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