Lateral profiles

Figure 7 Lateral profiles of carbon and lithium measured by nuclear reaction analysis.

Lateral profiles, y = f(lx), viz line scans along a line lx across the sample with y being a intensity measure or content see, e.g., Fig. 3.11b... 

Field surveys are conducted to complete either lateral profiles or vertical electrical soundings (VES). Resistivity profiles are completed by utilizing a fixed electrode spacing and obtaining an electrical resistivity value at each selected station along the... 

Figure 4. Resistivity plots for (A) lateral profile and for (B) vertical sounding.

Four kinds of slurry with different sizes of abrasives, denoted as A, B, C, and D, were prepared through a mechanical treatment. Figure 5.15 shows the correlation between the lateral profiles of the NH and post-CMP OTD on a wafer for two surfactant concentrations. Figures 5.15a and b correspond to slurry A (largest abrasives) with surfactant concentrations of 0 and 0.80 wt%, respectively. Figure 5.15c and d correspond to slurry D (smallest abrasives), also with surfactant concentrations of 0 and 0.80 wt%, respectively. For each of the various surfactant concentrations, the peak and valley positions of the NH and post-CMP OTD coincide well with each other. Therefore, the fluctuations in the post-CMP OTD can be attributed to the wafer nanotopography. Whereas the magnitude of the OTD for slurry A is similar with or without surfactant, that for slurry D increased with the surfactant concentration. 

Figure 4.7 (a) Depth profiles of order parameter s in the center of the width and 20 mm from the injection gate of a 2 mm thick Vectra A950 plate with injection speed of 10cms and 1 cms (b) Lateral profile of s in the core of the Vectra A950 plate with injection speed of 1 cm s (location 0 represents the sample edge). (Reprinted with permission from [18], copyright 1994 Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd.)... 

The time-averaged soHds circulation pattern and the time-averaged lateral profile of the axial sohds phase velocity at different heights in the bed are shown in Fig. 4.19 for aU series where the background fluidization velocity has been kept constant i.e., 100% —40%, 100% —20%, the reference, 100% + 20% and 100% + 40%. In the reference series with no secondary gas extraction or addition, the characteristic pattern for fluidized beds with an upward-directed sohds flow through the core and a downward sohds flow along the... 

Figure 4.19 Time-averaged particle movement and time-averaged lateral profile of the axial solids phase velocity for different heights in the fluidized bed with (A) 40% gas extraction, (B) 20% gas extraction, (C) the reference series with no gas addition/extraction, (D) 20% gas addition, and (E) 40% gas addition, in all experiments, the background fluidization veiocity was kept constant (uo = 100%). Reprinted from DeJong et al. (2011) with permission from Elsevier.

The bubble rise velocity (Fig. 4.23B) as a function of the equivalent bubble diameter appears to be quite similar for all cases. The graphs of the lateral profile of the equivalent bubble diameter and the axial profile of the bubble holdup (Fig. 4.23C and D) provide more insight into the bubble behavior. 

Figure 4.28 Comparison of (A) experimental, (B) DPM, and (C) TFM solids fluxes (and their lateral profiles) for constant outflow in the 4-cm wide bed with 40% gas extraction (top), no permeation (middle), and 40% addition (bottom). Reprinted from De Jong et al. (2012d) with permission from Elsevier.

However, even in the graphs displaying the lateral profiles of the axial solids fluxes, the direct comparison between the DPM and the TFM models is difficult. For that reason, a quantitative method, in which all soHds fluxes are compared at once, is used. For both models, an average deviation from the experimental data is calculated based on the absolute differences between each solids flux vector, that is, the following equation is employed ... 

Figure 430 Time-averaged solids volume fraction distribution (scale [0-0.6]) with a constant inflow (A). Time-averaged solids flux circulation pattern with a constant inflow (B) for different gas addition and extraction ratios, and lateral profiles of the axial solids flux for different heights in the fluidized bed (C). Bubbling fluidization regime, superficial gas velocity via the bottom distributor is 0.75 m/s. Reprinted from Dang etal. (2014) with permission from Elsevier.

Smaller membrane tubes display a smaller effect on the particle flux while Fig. 4.43A already shows peaks in the profile at the axial position of 100 mm, the profile in Fig. 4.43D looks still relatively smooth at this axial position. At higher positions, the solid fluxes increase and the peaks in the lateral profiles increase as well. 

Figure 4.50 Solids circulation for (A) Wall 100% 40%, (B) wall reference, and (C) wall 100%-i-40%. In (D),the lateral profiles of the axial solids velocity for those three simulation cases is shown for five different axial positions in the bed (at a height of 15, 45, 90,135, and 180 mm). Reprinted from De Jong et at. (2012c) with permission from Elsevier.

Figure 9 Lateral profile of local time mean solids holdup along a midplane of 146 mm x 146 mm, 9.14 m tall riser at z = 7.06 m for Ug = 5.5 m/s, Gs = 40 kg/m s. (Zhou et al., 1995a.)...

Typical lateral profiles of time mean local particle velocity, both upward and downward, along a midplane of a column of square cross section are shown in Fig. 10. The superficial gas velocity is seen to have little influence. Ascending particles are dominant in the center of the column, whereas there are more descending than ascending particles near the wall (i.e., as y/ Y approaches —1). The magnitudes of the velocities of rising particles at the axis of the column are similar... 

Increasing amounts of radiation curable materials are being used in coating films for the surface refinement of furniture, wooden floor coverings, paper, etc. Confocal Raman spectroscopy of UV-cured films may be used to examine depth or lateral profiles of the cross-linking process in coatings with a resolution of approximately 1 [549]. The... 

The femoral unit clamping block or jig was produced which it can flex at certain angle. The jig produced has the same lateral profile as the femoral unit. The femoral s jig has 5 holes which is to lock the femoral s jig at 5 flexion angle of knee flexion. At the back of the femoral unit, there are 2 pins which allows the femoral s jig to clamp the femoral unit. The femoral s jig is clamped by compression test machine (Universal Testing Machine, model LS-28101-UTM) [1]. The patellar s jig with a diameter central holes 14.45mm and depth of 5.5mm was clamp to the UTM machine. Then the articulate patellar seated into the patellar s jighole underneath the femoral unit and allowed to move freely in the hole to centralise the unit about the femoral surface. The two sheets of FUJI Prescale low stress film... 

---