Laser scanning digitizer, 216

Defect detection on a wafer after CMP can be accomplished by a laser scanning technique and/or by a digital image comparison technique. Both types of tools are widely used in the industry. However, neither is sufficient... 

For the estimation of Chi formation in hairy roots, the root cells were examined on a laser scanning confocal image system attached to a microscope. The filter package with a laser (excitation 568 nm) and a 590-610 nm band pass barrier filter for red fluorescence was employed. Digital image analysis was performed by a computer-aided image processing system with software. 

Lawrence JR, Wolfaardt GM, Neu TR (1998) The study of biofilms using confocal laser scanning microscopy In Wilkinson MHF, Schut F (eds) Digital Image Analysis of Microbes. Wiley, New York, p 431... 

The laser-scanning device described above appeared to accurately measure the surface failure topography of a variety of failed block-shear specimens. The laser selected was sensitive to veiy small displacements and appeared to adequately resolve a variety of surface irregularities. Also, the incremental scan pattern or beam grid used to map the failure surface was sufficient to reconstruct a digital contour of that surface. 

Laser scanning systems use trigonometry to derive the coordinates needed to pinpoint a position. These technologies can be used to create highly accurate digital models of three-dimensional objects. Analysis can then be performed on the digital model. 

The copier process will no longer be a light lens process, but just involving laser scanning and digital printing. Thus there will be very little emphasis in developing a new and improved visible photoreceptor. 

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