Laser induced periodic surface structures

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Dufft D., Rosenfeld A., Das S. K., Grunwald R., and Bonse J., Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structure revisited A comparative study on ZnO,/. Appl Phys., 105, 034908 (2009). 

X. Lu, Q. Lu, and Z. Zhu, Alignment mechanism of a nematic liquid crystal on a prerubbed polyimide film with laser-induced periodic surface structure. Liquid Crystals 30, 985 (2003). 

A periodic arrangement of many epitaxially grown thin layers with lattice mismatch constitutes a strained-layer superlattice. An example of such a superlattice structure can be found in the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). As discussed by Choquette (2002) and Nurmikko and Han (2002), the control of layer thickness, elastic strain due to LAN to us mismatch, stress-driven crack formation and processing induced defects in the superlattice presents major scientific and technological challenges in the development of these devices. 

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