Laser-induced metal deposition

There are three types of electrolytic metal deposition processes direct current electrodeposition, pulse plating, and laser-induced metal deposition. ... 

In laser-induced metal deposition, a focused laser beam is used to accelerate the metal deposition. Experiments have shown that the deposition rate can be increased by 1000 times. The plating equipment mainly consists of a laser head with focusing optics and the electrolytic cell. The focused laser beam can pass through a hole in the anode through the electrolyte and impinge on the cathode surfaces. 

The ordered P AA back-side and structured Al surface were used to produce self-organized metal nanoparticles. We used Au or amorphous carbon as add-layer for deposition of Ti or Fe nanostmctures. Both these metals have a weak wetting of the add-layer. The deposition was performed by a laser induced plasma deposition technique. In this process the energy of ions was about 20 eV. The highly ordered curved substrate surface defined position of the deposited clusters providing formation of highly ordered arrays of metal nanoclusters. A perspective application of such structures for terabit memory was demonstrated. For example, Ti nanoclusters covered by native oxide demonstrated irreversible transformation of I-V characteristics from barrier-like to the ohmic behavior after the action of current supplied by a tip of conductive AFM. 

Laser-induced chemical hquid deposition of copper fihns on qnartz and glass from Cn(acac)2 (7a) as precnrsor was reported by Onchi and collaborators 2. The process is realized throngh the interaction of copper coUoids with the appropriate snrfaces. It was fonnd that, depending on whether the laser irradiation is discontinnons (ArF laser) or continnons (KrF laser), closed copper fihns or nano-islands were formed. This method differs from the laser-assisted liqnid-phase metallization of polymers, wherein a laser beam was nsed to enhance chemical rednction of copper(II) salts. ... 

Tremendous fundamental research especially in the CVD technologies and precursor synthesis extends the applicability to some new area. These technologies include metal-organic CVD (MOCVD), plasma-enhanced CVD, photo CVD and laser induced CVD etc. The advancement of the synthesis technology provides new precursors to deposit a variety of materials with high purity. 

Transition metal carbonyl is important in laser chemistry as sources of metal atoms or as precursors for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [104]. Ni(CO)4 shows a typical photofragmentation reaction initiated by the XeCl laser (308 nm, 4.03 eV), and the knowledge on the mechanism is valuable for the design and control of the laser-induced CVD. The SAC-Cl method was applied to the excitation spectrum and the potential energy curves relevant to the photofragmentation reaction [105]. 

Kordas K, Remes J, Leppavuori S et al (2001) Laser-assisted selective deposition of nickel patterns on porous silicon substrates. Appl Surf Sci 178 93-97 Koynov S, Brandt MS, Stutzmann M (2006) Metal-induced seeding of macropore arrays in silicon. Adv Mater 18 633-636... 

A laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD) device combined with a chemical ionization source was employed for the analysis of crude oil distillates under atmospheric pressure. In general, LIAD, a matrix-free and laser-based approach, is usually performed under vacuum conditions. The desorption process in LIAD is induced by the action of a shockwave that is generated as a pulsed laser irradiated on the backside of a metal foil. As the energy is transferred from the metal foil to the sample, which is deposited on another side of the foil, it induces the desorption of analytes. By the interaction of the analyte with an ion cloud generated by a chemical ionization (Cl) process, analytes with a wide range of polarity are successfully ionized. Marshall et ah have combined an atmospheric pressure AP-LIAD/ Cl with a 9.4 T FT-ICR/MS to perform high resolution chemical analyses imder ambient conditions. It was demonstrated that not only polar but also non-polar compounds in the crude oil distillates could be successfully characterized by this AP-LIAD/Cl/FT-ICR/MS approach. 

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