Large-Scale Eutrophication

Counterexamples teach a lesson that these exaggerations of aquatic biological activity are highly idiosyncratic and depend on the fluxes of nutrients, the types of phytoplankton ecosystems that are involved, and - most importantly - the local and regional circulations of the aquatic system. For example, the Mediterranean Sea is landlocked and has many large pollution sources, but the large flux of nutrient-poor ( impoverished ) water from the Atlantic 

Ocean prevents eutrophication. Much more water flows into the Mediterranean Sea than is required to replace evaporation from it. The excess, high salinity water exits Gibraltar below the water flowing in af fhe surface. Nufrients that enter the Mediterranean Sea from pollution sources are utilized by marine phytoplankton that sinks and exits with the outflow. Another example is that estuaries often have lower salinity or even freshwater at the surface with a denser saline layer at the bottom. An estuarine circulation occurs with nutrients being trapped in the saline bottom water. 

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Bell, P. R. F., and I. Elmetri. 1995. Ecological indicators of large-scale eutrophication in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Ambio 24 208-215. 

Smokestack syndrome Environmental degradation through large scale diffusion of long lived substances Loss of biodiversity, eutrophication of ecosystems, depletion of the... 

Similarly, study is needed of the impact of large-scale biomass growth for feedstock for its impact on land use and any effect on nutrient runoff and eutrophication secondary to fertilizer demand (NRC, 2000). 

Kuparinen, J., Tuominen, L., 2001. Eutrophication and self-purification counteractions forced by large-scale cycles and hydrodynamic processes. Ambio, 30, 190-194. 

Estrada, V., Parodi, E., and Diaz, M.S. (2009) Determination of biogeochemical parameters in eutrophication models as large scale dynamic parameter estimation problems. Computers Chemical Engineering, 33, 1760-1769. 

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