Langmuir method

In the case of PS II membrane proteins, as discussed above, the hydrophobic and hydrophilic pairs of attached lipids can partially support the protein complex at the air-water interface, despite their large size and density. However, in the case of PS II core complex, the detergent strips the attached lipids and some extrinsic proteins. The remaining protein complex is water soluble. It is very difficult to prepare a stable monolayer of water-soluble proteins with the Langmuir method. Indeed, it is hard to directly prepare a stable monolayer of PS II core complex because of its water solubility as well as density. One possible solution is to change the density and ionic strength of the subphase [9]. 

Langmuir method used to derive expressions for the fraction qA and qB of a surface covered by adsorbed molecules A and B, assuming that the molecules compete for the same sites. 

The differences in the HMX data of Refs 14 19 is probably due in part to differences in crystal structure. Over the temp range of Ref 14, HMX is primarily in the 0 form, while in Ref 19 it is mostly in the 8 form. Of course there is also a difference in measurement methods — the Langmuir method in Ref 14 and the effusion method in Ref 19... 

Usually, the fabrication of a close - packed assembly of amphiphilic molecules at an air - water interface by the Langmuir method requires suitable subphase conditions related to the ionic species and its concentration, pH, temperature and addition of another complementary solutes. In the last case, to explore the feasibility of enhancing the interactions of some amphiphilic polymers with water soluble polymers at the air - water interface, it was studied the system of poly(monomethyl itaconate) (PMMel) as subphase stabilizer of maleic anhydride - alt - stearyl methacrylate(MA-alt-StM) monolayers at the air - water interface. 

Materials. The degree of exchange and surface area of the faujasites are given in Table I. The experimental surface areas v ere obtained by nitrogen adsorption techniques, using the Langmuir method. 

Dmitrievskaya (2) carried out Langmuir method experiments on solid and liquid lithium sulfate. Their experimental pressures are... 

Fig. 11-27. The isotherms of the adsorption layers in a series of fatty acids established from the two-dimensional pressure measurements by the Langmuir method (C, C, 5 chains), and from the measurements of the surface tension (C4 - Cl2)...

These results agree with those obtained by means of the Langmuir method for acids having hydrocarbon chains longer than C12 and with o(c) measurements carried out with shorter-chain members of homologous series. 

Three-Dimensional Bodies With Layers Langmuir Method... 

The parameters A and E (or AS and AR) are determined respectively with the use of an Arrhenius plot or the second-law (Knudsen-Langmuir) method. The third-law method, which has received wide recognition in equilibrium thermochemical studies [4], has not been used in kinetics investigations at all. The first publication on this subject appeared only in 2002 [5]. Studies of L vov and his colleagues still remain the only attempts in this area (see review [6]). 

The vaporization coefficients of magnesium and barium sulphates (Table 16.45) are equal to 3.2x 10 and 1.6x 10 , respectively. For BaS04, this value is due exclusively to the chemical form of oxygen (O), being different from the equilibrium form (O2). The value of that Mohazzabi and Searcy [97] determined for BaS04 by measuring the vaporization rates under the conditions of the Knudsen and Langmuir methods is 1.4 x 10 . ... 

A comparison of the vapor pressures of all three compounds, determined by the IQiudsen and Langmuir methods, showed that their evaporation coefficients differed from unity. Assuming that [2]... 

These methods were developed based on the moleeular kinetie theory of gases. The Langmuir method is based on the evaporation of substanee from a free surfaee into a vacuum. The Knudsen method is based on the evaluation of the outflow rate of a vapor jet from... 

In the case of PILCs, three main methods have been applied to calculate the surface area based on the isotherm data the Langmuir method, the BET method, and the t-plot or a -plot (f-plot method see Sec. II.D.2). 

The effusion methods are perhaps the most widely applied of the available vapour-pressure techniques at high temperatures. The most straightforward of these from the experimental viewpoint is the Langmuir method, in which mass losses due to evaporation from the free surface of a suitably shaped specimen heated in a vacuum are determined. Although the method avoids specimen + container reactions to a large extent and can be used to determine lower vapour pressures than is possible by most other methods, its application is generally limited to pure metals. This is due to the fact that for most materials the evaporation coefficient is not unity, as must be assumed for Langmuir calculations of vapour pressure, but is an unknown factor which can be temperature-dependent. 

Aggregation Structure and Surface Properties of 18-Nonadecenyltrichlorosilane Monolayer and Multilayer Films Prepared by the Langmuir Method... 

In this study, the layered structure of the organotiichlorosilane monolayer with a vinyl end group was constructed by the Langmuir method and its structure was analyzed by X-ray reflectivity (XR), Brewster angle Fourier transform infrared (B-FT-IR) spectroscopic measurements (14), electron diffraction (ED) and scanning force microscopic (SFM) observations. Furthermore, the domain height of the (NTS/FOETS) mixed monolayer surface with phase-separated structure was controlled by the combined method of Langmuir and chemisorption methods. 

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