Landers’ group

Ultrashort thermal cycling times of 17 s per cycle have been achieved by employing IR radiation-mediated heating and compressed-air cooling to amplify DNA in a capillary or on-chip microchambers by Landers s group [85-87], A tungsten lamp, thermocouple feedback, and computer interface were used to accurately control the temperature by the combination of light intensity and air flow. 

How is responsibility in managing risks divided - between say regulators, companies, the Lander, NGO and other groups/the general public ... 

Parties subject to charges in the New Lander may offset charges for groups of discharges and groups of related investments. 

All analysis and measurement procedures cited in the AbwV and AbwAG are standardised methods, either by DIN, ISO or CEN. Development and standardisation of biotests for emission control are carried out by national working groups on biotests (DIN), resulting in DIN standard protocols since 1976. Representatives of federal government, the Lander, industry and universities are usually present in the national working groups. 

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