Laminating methods

Forget, L. and Siche, A. (2005). Lamination method and apparatus for manufacturing multilayered products. Patent No. 1537994. 

Prelamination of green compacts is a simple and well-established technique for graded material production.48 In the powder lamination method, FGM fabrication stages include compositional design, compaction of different powders, and sintering at suitable conditions. 

As a result, it is obvious that the powder bed technique is not as effective for the production of functionally graded SiAION ceramics as the lamination method. 

In the fast cooling method, two different samples were heated and cooled very rapidly. The first was B2 (same composition in powder lamination method) the second was B4, obtained from B2 by sintering in an A1N BN powder bed. The surface of B2 was ground until 70% P-SiAlON was obtained before fast cooling treatment. Then, the specimens were inserted in a furnace with high-speed cooling. They were heated to 1600°C at a rate of 15°C/min and cooled rapidly by immediate removal from the furnace. 

The advantage of this method is that each layer can be made from a different type of dispersion. For example, clear and pigmented layers can be made or the top layer can be prepared from an FEP or PFA dispersion to obtain films that can be heat-sealed or laminated. In fact, films with both surfaces heat-sealable can be produced by this method. In such an instance, PFA is applied as the first coat onto the belt and FEP as the last coat, because PFA can be stripped from the steel belt, whereas FEP would adhere to it and is impossible to strip. Another possibility is to make films with an unsintered last coat, which can be used for lamination with substrates coated with unsintered PTFE using the lamination method described earlier (see Section 6.4.2.4). 

Potential direction in the SLM gas separation and biochemical conver-sion/separation techniques is the immobilization by selective facilitating agents at the stage of membrane supports fabrication. There is a need for both fundamental and apphed research to develop new membrane supports, incorporating improved transport, stabihty and resistivity properties with specific affinity to separating solutes. The main idea for the membrane production researchers and developers is to produce membrane supports not only with improved transport and stabUity characteristics but also permselective to different gas and hquid solutes. The lamination methods permit to obtain ultrathin films of suitably permselective material to be deposited on prefabricated porous support structures of different composition. 

Slot extrusion is used to form flat inhibited films and laminated films. To this end, flat co-extrusion, extrusion pasting and lamination methods are used [7,14,18,28,34,40,82]. Commonly, preliminary granulated mixtures of film-forming pol3miers and Cl participate in extrusion. To avert foaming of the melt by VCI vapors, adsorbents like silica gel [7] are introduced into the polymer composition. 

In contrast to the lamination method by means of which surfaces are provided with decorative coverings in a separate follow-up step, back injection technology affords production of a fully decorated part in a single production step. The laminatimi press and application of contact or hot melt adhesives are no longer required. The environment is also spared the additional solvent-bearing vapors arising from these methods. 

With the laminating method, two components are injection molded so as to become bonded to each other by lamination. In this case, the injected materials may be of different grades. Or they can be of an identical component, but differently colored. 

Besides this one-time lamination method, there is a build-up method of lamination. 

Transparent conductive oxides such as indium-tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) are the most commonly used transparent electrodes for optoelectronic devices. Among them, ITO has been extensively applied for both opaque cells and ST-OPV cells owing to its low sheet resistance (10-15 Q sq ) and high optical transmittance (-90%). ITO can be coated on either glass substrate or plastic substrate and can be used as the bottom transparent electrode in conjunction with other types of transparent electrode as the top electrode. Indeed, in one of the earliest demonstrations of the concept of the ST-OPV device, ITO was used as both the bottom and top electrodes, facilitated by a lamination method to stick together two individually... 

Specification for Laminated Thermosetting Materials Specification for Polyester Glass-Mat Sheet Laminate Methods of Testing Vulcanized Fiber Used for Electrical Insulation Specification for Vulcanized Fiber Sheet, Rods and Tubes Used for Electrical Insulation... 

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