Laminates reinforcements

In general, conditions for the first part of the reaction are selected to favor the formation of methylol compounds. After addition of the reactants, the conditions may be adjusted to control the polymerization. The reaction may be stopped to give a stable symp. This could be an adhesive or laminating resin and might be blended with filler to make a molding compound (see also Laminates Reinforced PLASTICS). It might also be an intermediate for the manufacture of a more complicated product, such as an alkylated amino resin, for use with other polymers in coatings. 

Robinson P, Das S. Mode I DCB testing of composite laminates reinforced with z-direction pins a simple model for the investigation of data reduction strategies. Eng Fract Mech 2004 71 345-64. http //dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7944(03)00116-4. 

Rugg KL, Cox BN, Massabo R. Mixed mode delamination of polymer composite laminates reinforced through thickness by z-fibers. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2002 33 177-90. http //dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(01)00109-9. 

T Abraham, Environmental effects on polyester laminates reinforced with... 

Blistering is a phenomenon which can occur in gel coated, polyester, vinylester and epoxy laminates reinforced with glass fibre after lengthy contact with water. Boat hulls and swimming pools are therefore particularly prone to be affected. 

Wardle MW, Tokarsky EW, Drop weight impact testing of laminates reinforced with Kevlar, E-glass and graphite. Composites Technol Rev, 5(1), 4, 1983. 

Excellent resistance to heat, chemicals, abrasion, and moisture characterizes polyesters in the cured state generally. As laminates reinforced with proper fillers, they provide exceptional strength and fatigue and impact resistance. 

The principle of additive strength can be applied equally, regardless of the type of composite material. Composite materials can be broadly classified as laminates, reinforced plastics, cermets, fabrics, and filled composites. Each class of composite materials has its own particular strengths and weaknesses and its own methods of production, although there is some crossover in the areas of application. 

Interconnect failures due to thermal fatigue of solder joints can be reduced by closely matching the x-y plane thermal expansion properties of the substrate to at-risk components. Large leadless ceramic components that are used because of their hermeticity pose a particular risk. Possible approaches include altering the laminate reinforcement material, adding constraining metal cores or planes, and switching to a ceramic substrate. The first two approaches are discussed here. A more extensive discussion of these options can be found in Ref. 33. 

The in-plane thermal conductivity of quasi-isotropic laminates reinforced with UHM pitch carbon fibers is similar to that of aluminum alloys, while UHK pitch carbon fibers provide laminates with a conductivity over 50 percent higher. Both materials have densities about 35 percent lower than aluminum. 

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