Lamb term

Values of ag, are not very difficult to calculate, for Eq. (1) involves only ground-state wave functions. Furthermore, Flygare and Goodisman (25) have shown that Eq. (3) gives values of aa that are reasonably accurate (within 1 to 2 ppm), using tabulated values of the free atom (Lamb) term (7, 55, 56) and a knowledge of the molecular geometry ... 

Here, L(v) is a lineshape function that integrates to unity, v is the frequency,/ is the Lamb-Mossbauer factor, and the desired side bands have an area fraction / that is proportional to which hence determines the relative peak heights in a NIS spectrum. More details are provided in Appendix 2 (Part III, 3 of CD-ROM). An equivalent and often more suggestive display of the NIS spectrum is the PVDOS approach, which describes the NIS signal in terms of the partial vibrational density of states ... 

The second benefit of white clover is that it increases animal production, whether in terms of higher milk yield for dairy cows or faster growth rate in beef cattle and lambs. The extra production is derived from the higher intake of white clover compared with grass of the same digestibility and also from its higher protein content. 

Vaccination of lambs with a contortin-enriched preparation gave a mean reduction in worm burdens of 78% (Table 13.1) (Munn et al., 1987). This result was particularly significant because it showed that proteins expressed on the surface of the gut, albeit from a blood-feeding nematode, could induce high levels of protective immunity when used as an immunogen. These proteins are not normally accessible to the host immune system during the course of infection they are termed hidden or concealed antigens and the immunity conferred by them is described as artificial immunity. 

This fraction was termed Haemonchus galactose-containing glycoprotein complex (H-gal-GP). The microvillar surface of the intestinal cells of worms retrieved from vaccinated lambs was coated with sheep immunoglobulin and protection observed, over a series of trials, was correlated with systemic antibody titre (Smith et al., 1999). 

Fed 5 mg Pb/kg BW first 45 days of pregnancy Bore normal full-term lambs 9... 

The term AEcorr contains relativistic, relativistic recoil, Lamb shift, and finite nuclear size... 

Chemical shifts, as treated by Ramsey (113), are comprised of separate diamagnetic and paramagnetic contributions. The diamagnetic term was considered to arise from the response of the extranuclear electrons to the external magnetic field and had been given earlier by Lamb (65) as... 

Note the emergence of the last term in (3.4) which lifts the characteristic degeneracy in the Dirac spectrum between levels with the same j and / = j 1/2. This means that the expression for the energy levels in (3.4) already predicts a nonvanishing contribution to the classical Lamb shift E 2Si) — E 2Pi). Due to the smallness of the electron-proton mass ratio this extra term is extremely small in hydrogen. The leading contribution to the Lamb shift, induced by the QED radiative correction, is much larger. 

We have seen above that calculation of the corrections of order a"(Za) m (n > 1) reduces to calculation of higher order corrections to the properties of a free electron and to the photon propagator, namely to calculation of the slope of the electron Dirac form factor and anomalous magnetic moment, and to calculation of the leading term in the low-frequency expansion of the polarization operator. Hence, these contributions to the Lamb shift are independent of any features of the bound state. A nontrivial interplay between radiative corrections and binding effects arises first in calculation of contributions of order a Za) m, and in calculations of higher order terms in the combined expansion over a and Za. 

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