Lakes types

ParkmanH, MeiliM. 1993. Mercury in macroinvertebrates from Swedish forest lakes influence of lake type, habitat, life cycle and food quality. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 50 521-534. 

The monoazo ammonium lake is a recent product and differs in its coloristic and fastness properties scarcely from the calcium lake types. Therefore the recommended application media for the two lakes are the same. 0,34% P.Y.191 1 are required to produce 1/3 SD colorations (1 % TiOz) in HDPE. Such colorations are heat stable up to 300°C. 

Thermal stratification in reservoirs ( lake-type versus river-type )... 

Shift of species from river-type to lake-type in reservoirs... 

WoelkerUng WJ, Gough SB (1976) Wisconsin desmids. III. Desmid community composition and distribution in relation to lake type and water chemistry. Hydrobiologia 51 3-31... 

Weisberg M. K., Prinz M., Kojima H., Yanai K., Clayton R. N., andMayedaT. K. (1991) The Carlisle Lakes-type chondrites a new grouplet with high A O and evidence for nebular oxidation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 2657-2669. 

Sweden, assessment is based on taxa richness and the assignment of a trophic ranking score for different lake types (Swedish EPA, 2007). In Ireland, a multimetric approach is followed, incorporating several of the aforementioned parameters as well as the depth of colonisation of macrophytes (Free et al., 2007). 

This need for reporting according to the Water Framework Directive puts additional demands on monitoring beyond those previously stated. For instance, the monitoring must be performed in different lake types also, the monitoring must preferably be done by intercalibrated quality elements. In Sweden we have adjusted our aquatic monitoring system to be in accordance with the obligations of the Water Framework Directive. The outcome of this revision is presented in Section 2.1.6. 

In short, tlie most common lake type is a fairly small dimictic lake, with ice coverage from the beginning of November to the end of April. It is situated in forested surroundings, has a high content of humic matter compared to most European lakes, low alkalinity, four species of fish, and the biodiversity of other animals and plants is also low. 

Table 2.1.2 Selected lake types in Sweden. To determine the type for a given lake, one combines the eco region given in Figure 2.1.4 with the factors listed below. This gives 112 theoretical different lake types in Sweden. However, not all of these are found in Sweden. For instance, most of the alpine lakes have low content of humic substances...

When selecting monitoring sites according to die lake types, it is important to note that one cannot always differentiate between all lake types when using different biological quality elements. Two possible explanations for this are ... 

The indicator (fish, macrophytes, etc.) might not respond to the difference between one lake type and another, i.e. lake depth does not have to change the distribution of benthic invertebrates or perifyton. 

Suspended particulate matter present concentrations of snbstances and pollutants (Type 1,3) and pollutants and nntrient fluxes to seas and lakes (Type 4, 5). 

Figure 3.10 Schematic representation of ocean storage options. In dissolution type ocean storage, the carbon dioxide rapidly dissolves in the ocean water, whereas in lake type ocean storage, the carbon dioxide is initially a liquid on the sea floor, soon crystallizing as a hydrate. Given sufficient time, all forms of carbon dioxide - gas, liquid, hydrate - will dissolve in the water.

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