Laird

Chemical Applications of Density-Functional Theory B. B. Laird, R. B. Ross, T. Ziegler, Eds., ACS, Washington (1996). 

The major water desalination processes that ate currendy in use or in advanced research stages are described herein. Information on detailed modeling can be found in the Hterature cited. The major texts on water desalination written since the 1980s are those by Spiegler and Laird (47), Khan (48), which contains many practical design aspects, Lior (49) on the measurements and control aspects, Heitman (40) on pretreatment and chemistry aspects, and Spiegler and El-Sayed (50), an overview primer. Extensive data sources are provided in References 39 and 51. 

I. Bunget and M. Popescu, "Physics of SoUd Dielectrics," in C. Laird, ed.. Materials Science Monographs, Vol. 19, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1978, Translation, V. Vasilescu, 1984. 

A width (compared to about 5 A for the free water surface). The authors observed a continuous change of the self-diffusion coefficient from liquidlike to solid-like values over this interval. The results have been extensively reviewed by Laird and Haymet [197]. 

B. Laird, D. Kroll. Freezing of soft spheres a critical test for weighted density functional techniques. Phys Rev A 42 4810, 1990 D. Kroll, B. Laird. Comparison of weighted density functional theories for inhomogeneous liquids. Phys Rev A 42 4806, 1990. 

Fig. 8.62 Crack-blunting model of stage II crack progagation (after Laird) ...

Wason, P. C., Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1972) Psychology of Reasoning, Structure and Content. Batsford, London [9]. 

Jorgensen WL, Laird ER, Nguyen TB, Tiradorives J (1993) J Comput Chem 14 206... 

Reactions of cyclopentyne with alkenes gives [2+2] cycloadduct with complete retention of stereochemistry (Scheme 24) [120], Laird and Gilbert observed the expected [2+2] cycloadduct along with the polycyclic adduct in the reaction of norbomyne with 2,3-dihydropyran (Scheme 24) [121], and located a cyclopropyl-carbene intermediate [122],... 

Laird ER, Blake IF. Structure-based generation of viable leads from small combinatorial libraries. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel 2004 7 354-9. 

Yield and other mass-related metrics such as atom economy, reaction mass efficiency and mass intensity have been examined by Constable et al with regard to their significance concerning greenness and costs. The importance of using a (product) concentration term, which can be mass intensity or mass index, is additionally emphasized by Laird et al This is in compliance with Winterton, who in his twelve more green chemistry principles demands the establishment of full mass balances. 

Laird, T., Hermitage, S.A., TUstam, U. (2003) Some Items of Interest to Process R D Chemists and Engineers. Organic Process Research Development, 7, 124-134. 

The implications of the features of fine chemicals manufacture mentioned above, are, however, not that obvious to all parties taking part in process development. On the one hand, chemical and process engineers are dedicated mainly to the engineering part in process development, often neglecting process chemistry, as this might be erroneously considered less important for a full-scale plant. On the other hand, synthetic chemists often finish their work with laboratory recipes neglecting needs of procedures for process development. The reasons for this approach have been listed by Laird (1989) ... 

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