Lactones anhydrides

Thallation-carbonylation.2 Catalytic amounts of PdCl2 permit carbonylation of arylthallium ditrifluoroacetates (3, 287) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. This sequence permits synthesis of esters, lactones, anhydrides, and various heterocycles. 

Reaction with lactones, anhydrides. Canonne et al.1 have observed high stereoselectivity in reaction of 1 with aromatic lactones and anhydrides resulting in the... 

Albertsson and coworkers [240-244] carried out extensive research to develop polymers in which the polymer properties are altered for different applications. The predominant procedure is ring-opening polymerization which provides a way to achieve pure and well defined structures. They have utilized cyclic monomers such as lactones, anhydrides, carbonates, ether-lactones. The work involved the synthesis of monomers not commercially available, studies of polymerization to form homopolymers, random and block copolymers, development of cross-linked polymers and polymer blends, surface modification in some cases, and characterization of the materials formed. The characterization is carried out with respect to the chemical composition and both chemical and physical structures, the degradation behavior in vitro and in vivo, and in some cases the ability to release drug components from microspheres prepared from the polymers. 

A variety of other carbon-o gen groups have been suggested, including lactones, anhydrides, peroxides, ethers, and esters (14-18). These surfaces oxides have been studied by functional group reactions (18), titration, and infrared spectroscopy (15,... 

Lactone Anhydrides formed by intermolecular elimination of water between the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of hydroxy acids. 

III. Cathodic reduction of esters, lactones, anhydrides, and acyl halides... 

CATHODIC REDUCTION OF ESTERS, LACTONES, ANHYDRIDES, AND ACYL HALIDES... 

A. From Carbonyl Compounds, Acids, Lactones, Anhydrides, and Related... 

Scheme 7. Examples for Enantiomer Separations by Crystallization with TADDOLs. Besides the original TADDOL (from tartrate acetonide and PhMgX), Toda et al. [44] have often used the cyclopentanone- and cyclohexanone-derived analogs. The dynamic resolution (resolution with in-situ recychng) of 2-(2-methoxyethyl)cyclohexanone was reported by Tsunoda et al. The resolved compounds shown here are only a small selection from a large number of successful resolutions, which include alcohols, ethers, oxiranes, ketones, esters, lactones, anhydrides, imides, amines, aziridines, cyanohydrins, and sulfoxides. The yields given refer to the amount of guest compound isolated in the procedure given. Since we are not dealing with reactions (for which we use % es to indicate enantioselectivity with which the major enantiomer is formed), we use % ep (enantiomeric purity of the enantiomer isolated from the inclusion...

Catalytic enantioselective reductive desymmetrisation of achiral and meso-compounds, in particular, transformations of imides to lactams or lactones, anhydrides to lactones, and ring-opening of oxacycfic rings 13CC10666. 

The lactone dicarboxylic acid yielded the lactone anhydride upon treatment with acetic anhydride at elevated temperatures (160 °C), which is itself a readily... 

Numerous functional derivatives of carboxyhc and substituted carboxyhc acids have been found to be natural food components. In particular, important compounds are esters, lactones, anhydrides, amides and nitriles. The most important functional derivatives of carboxyhc acids that act as odour-active substances are esters and lactones. 

The Reactions of Hydrazoic Acid with Lactones, Anhydrides, Esters, and... 

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