Lactate critical values

Lactate reduces the internal pH of the cells or of the culture medium, as well as increasing the osmolality of the medium. The mechanisms of toxicity of ammonia are less well understood (Schneider et al., 1996). The critical concentrations of these compounds depend on the cell line and the culture conditions. Typical critical values for ammonia in the production of mAbs are in the range of 2-10 mM (Schneider et al., 1996), whereas for lactate the range is much broader, varying from 1 to 300 mM. 

Part—I has three chapters that exclusively deal with General Aspects of pharmaceutical analysis. Chapter 1 focuses on the pharmaceutical chemicals and their respective purity and management. Critical information with regard to description of the finished product, sampling procedures, bioavailability, identification tests, physical constants and miscellaneous characteristics, such as ash values, loss on drying, clarity and color of solution, specific tests, limit tests of metallic and non-metallic impurities, limits of moisture content, volatile and non-volatile matter and lastly residue on ignition have also been dealt with. Each section provides adequate procedural details supported by ample typical examples from the Official Compendia. Chapter 2 embraces the theory and technique of quantitative analysis with specific emphasis on volumetric analysis, volumetric apparatus, their specifications, standardization and utility. It also includes biomedical analytical chemistry, colorimetric assays, theory and assay of biochemicals, such as urea, bilirubin, cholesterol and enzymatic assays, such as alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, salient features of radioimmunoassay and automated methods of chemical analysis. Chapter 3 provides special emphasis on errors in pharmaceutical analysis and their statistical validation. The first aspect is related to errors in pharmaceutical analysis and embodies classification of errors, accuracy, precision and makes... 

Martell AE, Smith RM (1982) Critical Stability Constants, vol 5. Suppl. 1. Plenum, New York Smith RM, Martell AE (1989) Critical Stability Constants, vol 6. Suppl. 2. Plenum, New York Silva AMN, Kong XL, Hider RC (2009) Determination of the pKa value of hydroxyl group in the a-hydroxycarboxylates citrate, malate and lactate by C NMR implications for metal coordination in biological systems. BioMetals 22 771-778... 

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