Lactarius rufus

Alexander, I. J. (1981). Picea sitchensis and Lactarius rufus mycorrhizal association and its effects on seedling growth and development. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 76, 417-23. 

Jones, M. D. Hutchinson, T. C. (1988). Nickel toxicity in mycorrhizal birch seedlings infected with Lactarius rufus or Scleroderma flavidum. I. Effects on growth, photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration. New Phytologist, 108, 451-9. 

Lactarorufin C (342) syn. isolactarorufin), a metabolite of the mushroom Lactarius rufus, has been assigned structure (342) on the basis of X-ray analysis of its p-bromobenzoate. The unusual carbon skeleton (341) of this compound may be biosynthesized by rearrangement of a tricyclic intermediate (340) derived from cyclohumulene (339). 

A new sesquiterpenoid skeleton has been discovered in the form of lactarorufin A (193) isolated from Lactarius rufus. At the present time only the relative stereochemistry of the four asymmetric centres is known and it has been suggested that its biogenesis can be considered in terms of opening of the cyclopropyl-carbinyl cation (194) which has previously been proposed in the marasmic acid biogenesis. In another study of Lactarius species, Magnusson et have... 

Daniewski, W.M., and M. Kocor Isolation and Structure of Some New Sesquiterpenes from Lactarius rufus. Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci., Ser. Sci, Chim., 18, 585 (1970). 

Daniewski, W.M., M. Kocor, and S. Thoren Constituents of Higher Fungi. Part VIII. Isolactarorufin, a Novel Tetracyclic Sesquiterpene Lactone from Lactarius rufus. Heterocycles, 5, 77 (1976). 

Zur Chemie der Hoheren Pilze XIV. Uber Lactarius rufus Scopol., Lactarius palli-dus Pers. und Polyporus hispidus Fr. Monatsh. Chem. 41, 443 (1920). 

Constituent of Lactarius rufus, Scopol. Plates from EtOH. M.p. 87°. Sol. EtjO, CHCI3. Mod. sol. G3H3. Insol. HgO. 

The fascinating lactone isolactarorufin (9.4), at first discovered in an EtOH extract of L. rufus (75, 76, 77) and later also in L. vellereus (5S) and L. necator, is the only known isolactarane sesquiterpene so far isolated from Lactarius species. Other compounds listed in Part 9 are synthetic derivatives that were prepared for structure elucidation of the parent compound or for investigation of their biological properties. 

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