Laboratory studies ceramics

Controlled expansion alloys, 13 520-522 Controlled flavor release systems, 11 528, 543-553, 554-555 characteristics of, ll 544t demand for, 11 555 developments in, 11 558 elements of, 11 555-557 extrusion encapsulation for, 11 550 key aspects of, 11 556t morphologies of, 11 545 Controlled free-radical polymerization, block copolymers, 7 646 Controlled humidity drying, ceramics processing, 5 655-656 Controlled indexing, 18 241 Controlled initiation, 14 268-269 Controlled laboratory studies, in... 

A final laboratory study was described by Shick and Grace (1982) as being carried out in Sweden (Bei an and Laufke, 1981). From 10 to 100 g of water were injected into 10-30 g of smelt. In some tests subsurface iiyection was used at pressures of 10 bar, whereas in others a ceramic capsule with water was burst under smelt with electric fuses. Smelts of a wide range of compositions could be exploded with the subsurface injection. Comparison of explosion intensities to those produced by TNT or black powder (as judged from pressure-time traces) suggested that 1 kg of water was equivalent to 0.03-0.2 kg TNT or 0.3-2 kg black powder. 

Historical review of tribological studies of metallic and ceramic bearing surfaces used for total hip arthroplasty (THA). Presents an objective assessment of wear mechanisms, wear measurement, laboratory studies, and clinical observations for THA. 

E. L. Courtright, H. C. Graham, A. P. Katz and R. J. Kerans, Ultrahigh temperature assessment study -ceramic matrix composites. Final Report, WL-TR-91-4061, Materials Directorate, Wright Laboratory, Wright Air Force Base, OH, September 1992. 

In laboratory studies platinum, gold, or some forms of ceramics can be used to contain phosphates while they are heated to melts. Platinum is less attacked by basic melts, while gold is superior for melts rich in P2O5. In all cases at temperatures above 300 °C crucible corrosion contaminates products to a greater or lesser extent, but contamination can very often be localized to areas of contact between crucibles and melts. Larger melts have smaller surface-to-volume ratios. Purer products are manufactured in these cases. This is one reason why a compound can very often be obtained with higher purity from an industrial process than it can be prepared in a laboratory. This is particularly true with compounds such as NasPaOio, which is prepared in large volumes industrially. 

Torres, Marcos Martinon- and Thilo Rehren. "Ceramic materials in fire assay practices A case study from 16th-century laboratory equipment." In Proceedings of the 7th European Meeting on Ancient Ceramics (EMAC), Lisbon, 27-31 October 2003.. ... 

Whitbread, I. K. (1995), We are what we study Problems in communication and collaboration between ceramologists and archaeological scientists, in Lindahl A. and O. Stilborg (eds.), The Aim of Laboratory Analyses of Ceramic in Archaeology, Workshop Proc., KVHAA reprinted in Konferenser 34, 91-100. 

Hein, A., Tsolakidou, A., Iliopoulos, I., et al. (2002). Standardisation of elemental analytical techniques applied to provenance studies of archaeological ceramics an inter laboratory calibration study. Analyst 127 542-553. 

Lodestone, also known as magnetite, was one of the first known magnetic materials. Its ability to attract iron was known as far back as 600 B.C., and it was used in compasses beginning in the thirteenth century. It was studies by I. L. Snoeck at the Philips Laboratories in Holland in the 1940s, however, that led to the first application of oxide ceramics with strong magnetic properties. 

Recently it was possible to construct for archaeological studies a thermal gradient furnace similar to one used in the ceramic laboratories of the College of the Earth and Mineral Sciences of The Pennsylvania State University. Robert Frantz modified the design of the earlier furnace so that it would be suitable for testing archaeological clays and sherds that are available only in small quantities. 

This chapter is split in two parts. The first part will briefly treat the preparation of flat ceramic membrane supports by colloidal processing. In our laboratory, these supports are used to study stability and gas separation properties of microporous silica membranes because they are easy to prepare and demand less complex testing equipment. 

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