Labor pharmacologic

Although manual extraction of information from herbal texts is straightforward (Fig. 4.3A), the work is labor intense and requires many areas of expertise (Fig. 4.3B). Historians must provide context for the language. Botanists are necessary to update the names and correctly identify the plants discussed. Physicians and biomedical scientists are required to extrapolate the potential pharmacological function of the plant compounds used to treat a certain disorder in the text. Luckily, the use of bioinformatics to extract this information can be more efficient than manual extraction [7]. 

Tocolysis. The uterine relaxant effect of P2-adrenoceptor agonists, such as terbutaline or fenoterol, can be used to prevent premature labor. Vasodilation Ltillmann, Color Atlas of Pharmacology (... 

Oxytocin is a peptide hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that participates in labor and delivery and elicits milk ejection in lactating women. During the second half of pregnancy, uterine smooth muscle shows an increase in the expression of oxytocin receptors and becomes increasingly sensitive to the stimulant action of endogenous oxytocin. Pharmacologic concentrations of oxytocin powerfully stimulate uterine contraction. 

Uterine contractions and fetal heart rate should be monitored during oxytocin administration (SEDA-13, 1310) (1,2). There is no significant increase in uterine complications or in fetal morbidity or mortality in women with a previous cesarean section, although oxytocin-treated patients had a higher rate of failed trial of labor for reasons that are unclear (3). Oxytocin is structurally similar to vasopressin, and like the latter has water-retaining properties when used in pharmacological doses. 

Myometrial stimulants. The neurohypophyseal hormone oxytocin (p. 238) is given parenterally (or by the nasal or buccal route) before, during, or after labor in order to prompt uterine contractions or to enhance them. Certain prostaglandins or analogues of Luellmann, Color Atlas of Pharmacology All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms... 

Yeboah, D., Sun, M Kingdom, J., Baczyk, D., Lye, S.J., Matthews, S.G. et al. (2006) Expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in human placenta throughout gestation and at term before and after labor. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 84, 1251-1258. 

The layman is keenly aware of the salient roles that variation and selection play in the realization of useful varieties in animal husbandry and agriculture. The richness of life forms of the animal and plant world, for food, labor, and esthetic appreciation are all primarily the result of the processes of variation and selection whether applied consciously or unconsciously by man and nature. The artist is keenly aware of the technique of variation and selection as in the development of themes into symphonies in music, in the plastic and pictorial arts, and in architecture. City planning, cooking in the home, adaptation of natural resources such as the harnessing of river systems, and children at play, all share methodologically a common bond with molecular modification and pharmacologic selection. 

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