Labetalol hypertension

Labetalol is used in the treatment of hypertension, either alone or in combination with another drag such as a diuretic. Carvedilol is used to treat essential hypertension and in congestive heart failure to reduce progression of the disease. 

Mr. Garcia wasprescribed labetalol (Normodyne) 100 mg orally twice daily for hypertension. The health care provider wants him to monitor his blood pressure once daily. Determine what assessments you would make. Develop a teaching plan for Mr. Garcia that would help him in monitoring his blood pressure and taking labetalol. 

Labetalol hydrochloride 20-80 mg IV bolus every 10 minutes 5-10 minutes 3-6 hours Vomiting, scalp tingling, dizziness, bronchoconstriction, nausea, heart block, orthostatic hypotension Most hypertensive emergencies except acute heart failure... 

Chronic hypertension is defined as elevated BP that was noted before pregnancy began. Methyldopa is considered the drug of choice because of experience with its use. /3-Blockers, labetalol, and CCBs are also reasonable alternatives. ACE inhibitors and ARBs are known teratogens and are absolutely contraindicated. The direct renin inhibitor aliskiren also should not be used in pregnancy. 

Elevated blood pressure should remain untreated in the acute period (first 7 days) after ischemic stroke because of the risk of decreasing cerebral blood flow and worsening symptoms. The pressure should be lowered if it exceeds 220/120 mm Hg or there is evidence of aortic dissection, acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, or hypertensive encephalopathy. If blood pressure is treated in the acute phase, short-acting parenteral agents (e.g., labetalol, nicardipine, nitroprusside) are preferred. 

The cure for preeclampsia is delivery of the fetus if the pregnancy is at term. Drug therapy for hypertension in preeclampsia includes methyldopa, labetalol, and calcium channel blockers. Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent eclampsia and to treat eclamptic seizures. 

Labetalol 20 mg IV evety2 hours as Hypertensive urgencies and above... 

The feasibility of online SPE LC/MS/MS has been tested since the introduction of thermospray ionization. In an early research paper by Lant and Oxford (1987), a prototype online SPE LC/MS system was set up and successfully applied for the measurement of labetalol, a hypertension drug and a- and /J-adrenergic receptor, in plasma. This system was set up by coupling an advanced automated sample processor (AASP, Varian, Walton-on-Thames, UK) with a reversed-phase column, a ten-port switching valve, and an MS equipped with thermospray interface (Vestec, Houston, Texas) (Blakley et al. 1980, Blakley and Vestal 1983). 

Labetalol is used to treat essential hypertension. The main synonyms of this drug are trandate, avetol, aimpress, pressalol, and others. 

Unlike other adrenoblockers, labetalol lowers blood pressure more by lowering resistance of peripheral vessels than by suppressing myocardial function. This, along with a reduction in pressure, fails to change heart rate. Currently, eight of the most frequently used j8-adrenoblock-ers in medicine are used for hypertension therapy, and their syntheses are described in Chapter 12. They are propranolol (12.1.3), metoprolol (12.1.5), acebutol (12.1.6), athenolol (12.1.7), nadolol (12.1.8), pindolol (12.1.9), timolol (12.1.10), and labetalol (12.1.12). 

Due to the numerous indications for these type of drugs a large number of compounds have been introduced into therapy. Differences between these drugs concern their affinity profile towards the Pi-and j82-adrenoceptors, the lipophilicity and the ability to partially activate the receptor (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, ISA). One isomer of the racemic mixture of labetalol and carvedilol are a-blocker as well. Although this might be therapeutically useful in the treatment of conditions like hypertension and heart failure, there is no real evidence for a contribution of this property to the overall beneficial effect of these compounds. 

Labetalol (see carvedilol section below) 3 > G4 block Lowers BP with limited HR increase Hypertension Oral, parenteral Toxicity Less tachycardia than other G4 agents... 

Carvedilol, like labetalol, is administered as a racemic mixture. The S(-) isomer is a nonselective B-adrenoceptor blocker, but both S(-) and R(+) isomers have approximately equal E-blocking potency. The isomers are stereoselectively metabolized in the liver, which means that their elimination half-lives may differ. The average half-life is 7-10 hours. The usual starting dosage of carvedilol for ordinary hypertension is 6.25 mg twice daily. Carvedilol reduces mortality in patients with heart failure and is therefore particularly... 

Labetalol [Normodyne, Trandate). Labetalol is a nonselective beta blocker. This drug appears to have some alpha-1-selective blocking effects. Labetalol is used primarily in the management of hypertension and, while usually given orally, may be injected intravenously in emergency hypertensive situations. 

The -adrenoceptor antagonist drugs have limited application in the management of hypertensive emergencies, although labetalol has been used in this setting. In theory, -adrenoceptor antagonists... 

Acute intoxication with amphetamine is associated with tremor, confusion, irritability, hallucinations and paranoid behaviour, hypertension, sweating and occasionally cardiac arrhythmias convulsions and death may occur. The cardiovascular effects of the stimulants may be treated by beta-blockers, or by the combined alpha- and beta-blocker labetalol calcium channel antagonists such as nifedipine may correct the arrhythmias, while intravenous diazepam is of value in attenuating seizures. 

Actions Labetalol [lay BET a lole] is a reversible (3-blocker with concurrent ai-blocking actions that produce peripheral vasodilation, thereby reducing blood pressure. Labetalol thus contrasts with the other (3-blockers that produce peripheral vasoconstriction, and it is therefore useful in treating hypertensive patients for whom increased peripheral vascular resistance is undesirable. Labetalol does not alter serum lipid or blood glucose levels. 

Therapeutic use in hypertension Labetalol is useful for treating the elderly or black hypertensive patient in whom increased peripheral vascular resistance is undesirable. [Note In general black hypertensive patients are not well controlled with (3-blockers.] Labetalol may be employed as an alternative to hydralazine in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). 

The correct answer = A. Doxazosin is an competitive blocker at the oci receptor and lowers blood pressure. In addition it blocks the smooth muscle of the bladder neck and prostate to improve urine flow. Labetalol and propranolol, while effective for treating the hypertension, are contraindicated in an asthmatic. They would not improve urine flow. Phentolamine has too many adverse effects to be used as an hyper-I tensive agent. Isoproterenol is a p agonist and is not employed as an hypertensive nor would it affect urinary function. 

Labetalol (see p. 78) is both an a- and p-blocker that has been successfully used in hypertensive emergencies. Labetalol does not cause the reflex tachycardia that may be associated with diazoxide. Labetalol carries the contraindications of a nonselective P-blocker (see p. 78). 

Q12 Labetalol is a short-acting antihypertensive agent which can be used in a hypertensive emergency. What is the mechanism of action of labetalol ... 

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