Lab in a syringe

This technique is based in the integration of various analytical steps inside a syringe. It has been mainly applied to automate liquid—liquid microextraction with in-syringe spectrophotometric detection. One of the main advantages of this technique is the simple instrumental setup required, which makes it very affordable. 

Lab in a syringe setup. AP aqueous phase, OP organic phase, SV selection valve. 

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F. Maya, B. Horstkotte, J.M. Estela, V. Cerda, Lab in a syringe fiilly automated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with integrated spectrophotometric detection. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 404 (2012) 909—917. 

Lab in a syringe system. AP aqueous phase OP organic phase SV seiection vaive. (For coior version of this figure, the reader is referred to the oniine version of this book.)... 

Later DLLME with spectrophotometric detection was integrated and fully automated inside a glass syringe [24], which acted as the container for the sample treatment and as the detection cell, enabling the accomplishment of the whole procedure (microextraction - - detection) inside the syringe. This technique has been called lab in a syringe. This system is shown in Figure 3.5. 

Gilbert and Martin have described an excellent kinetics experiment which illustrates solvolysis of 2-chloro-2-methylbutane via an SnI mechanism (10). The reaction is carried out in a green solvent mixture of water and 2-propanol. In addition, we have scaled down to the use of only 118 microliters of 2-chloro-2-methylbutane per student, and carry out our titrations using reusable plastic syringes instead of burets (77). This lab exercise provides experimental support for the proposed SnI mechanism and illustrates the effect of solvent polarity (increasing percentages of water in the solvent mix) on reaction rate. 

For the data reported in Table 4, samples of oil in 125 ml bottles were warmed, shaken, and then aliquots were removed using a syringe (LAB 2) or micro-pipette (LABs 1, 3). The temperature at which the aliquot was removed varied between hot (40°C, LAB 1) to an intermediate temperature between 40°C and ambient (warm, LABs 2 and 3). It was thought that procedures used to remove hot aliquots may have provided opportunities for loss of volatile mercury or may have allowed reactions to take place possibly with oxygen in air when bottles were opened for aliquot removal. 

Following experiments, dmg syringes may be kept cold in a lab refrigerator for 24-72 h. Thereafter, old dmg solntions should be discarded, the syringes and tubing rinsed several times in EtOH and distilled H2O, and fresh dmg solutions prepared from stocks. 

FIGURE 2.5 Illustration of a SIA-LOV microflow network as assembled for in-valve sorptive preconcentration using renewable sorbent materials prior to further detection via peripheral analytical instruments. SP, syringe pump HC, holding coil. The inset at the right shows how the sorptive beads are retained within the column positions. (Reprinted with permission from Miro, M., and E. H. Hansen. 2007. Miniaturization of environmental chemical assays in flowing systems The lab-on-a-valve approach vis-a-vis lab-on-a-chip microfluidic devices. Anal. Chim. Acta 600 46-57.)... 

Mitani, C., A. Kotzamanidou, and A. N. Anthemidis. 2014. Automated headspace single-drop microextraction via a lab-in-syringe platform for mercury electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination after in situ vapor generation. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 29 1491-1498. 

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