Klug. Aaron

Kinetic isotope effect (KIE) 76, 111, 486, 592, 593, 600,789 Kinetic parameters 459 Kinetic theory of gases 462,463 Kinetisome 15 DNA of 15 Klug, Aaron 84... 

KLUG, AARON S. I1926-). A South African-born chemist who won the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1982 for his work with the electron microscope and research into the structure of nucleic and protein complexes. His use of crystallographic electron microscopy to analyze the structures of biologically important complex chemicals was noteworthy. He was cited in particular for his establishment of Fourier microscopy. 

Can any number of identical subunits be accommodated in the asymmetric unit while preserving specificity of interactions within an icosahedral arrangement This question was answered by Don Caspar then at Children s Hospital, Boston, and Aaron Klug in Cambridge, England, who showed in a classical paper in 1962 that only certain multiples (1, 3, 4, 7...) of 60 subunits are likely to occur. They called these multiples triangulation numbers, T. Icosahedral virus structures are frequently referred to in terms of their trian-gulation numbers a T = 3 virus structure therefore implies that the number of subunits in the icosahedral shell is 3 x 60 = 180. 

Zinc, in addition to its use as a Lewis acid in enzyme catalysis, plays a structural role in stabilizing protein molecules. It is also involved in a characteristic motif, termed zinc finger, in a number of eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins (that regulate the transcription of DNA into RNA), first described by Aaron Klug. 

Aaron Klug Great Britain crystallographic electron microscopy applied to nucleic acids and proteins... 

Aaron Klug Chemistry Development of crystallographic electron microscopy... 

Small viruses, bacterial flagella, ribosomes, and even molecules can be seen by electron microscopy. However, to obtain a clear image in three dimensions requires a computer-based technique of image reconstruction or electron microscope tomography, which was developed initially by Aaron Klug and associates.344-349 A sample is mounted on a goniometer, a device that allows an object to be tilted at exact angles. Electron... 

Figure 8-19. Models of the tobacco mosaic vims (TMV) structure Left Aaron Klug with the model at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK (photograph by the authors) Right graphical representation of the model (courtesy of Aaron Klug, Cambridge, UK).

I. Hargittai, Candid Science II Conversations with Famous Biomedical Scientists. Ed. M. Haigittai. Imperial College Press, London, 2002, Aaron Klug, pp. 306-329, p. 312. 

Indeed, the discoverers of virus structures, Donald Caspar and Aaron Klug stated that... 

In fact, her closest collaborator at Birkbeck, Aaron Klug, was so incensed at the belittling of her role that he wrote a... 

The three-dimensional structure of a tRNA molecule was first determined in 1974 through x-ray crystallographic studies carried out in the laboratories of Alexander Rich and Aaron Klug. The structure determined, that of yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA, is highly similar to all structures subsequently determined for other tRNA molecules. The most important properties of the tRNA structure are ... 

FIGURE 4-2 Rotations. The cross section of the tobacco mosaic virus is a cover diagram from Nature, 1976, 259. 1976, Macmillan Journals Ltd. Reproduced with permission of Aaron Klug. 

Aaron Klug discovered the first of the eukaryotic DNA-binding motifs in Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFlllA), a protein which binds to the 5S rRNA gene. The resulting complex subsequently binds two other transcription factors and RNA polymerase III, which leads to the initiation of transcription of the 5S rRNA gene. The TFIIIA molecule contains 9 similar 30-residue-long, tandemly repeated modules. Each of these modules contains two invariant Cys residues, two invariant His residues, and several conserved hydrophobic residues (Figure 12.19), and a Zn + ion, which is tetrahedrally coordinated by the invariant Cys and His... 

Aaron Klug (1926- ), United Kingdom. For his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes. ... 

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