Kipping

In the preparation of this edition, we are indebted for much help to many of our colleagues, and in particular to Dr. P. Sykes, Dr. F. B. Kipping, Dr. P. Alaitland, Dr. J. Harley-Mason and Dr. R. E. D. Clark. We have maintained the standard which was self-imposed when this book was first written, namely, that all the experiments in the book had been critically examined, and then performed either by the authors, or under their super vision. The heavy load of work which this has involved would have been impossible without the willing, patient, and very considerable help of Mr. F. C. Baker and Mr. F. E. G. Smith. 

We are grateful to our colleagues for many valuable discussions and suggestions in particular we would mention Dr. F. B. Kipping, Dr. P. Maitland, Dr. G. W. Kenner and Mr. J. Harley-Mason. 

One advantage of the E ion-selective electrode is its freedom from interference. The only significant exception is OH (kip-zon- = 0-1), which imposes a maximum pH limit for a successful analysis. 

Material Specification P no. (23) Grade Class F actor, E Minimum tensile strength, kip/in- Minimum yield strength, kip/in- Notes Minimum temperature (IS) Minimum tempera-tnre to 100 ... 

Material cation (30) Temper Class Size range, in E kip/in" kip/in" Notes tnre (IS)... 

Specification P no. Grade Temper Size range, in Minimum tensile strength, kip/in" Minimum yield strength, kip/in" Notes Minimum temperature, (IS) Metal temperature, F (22) ... 

For pipe si2es NFS 8 and larger and for wall tliicknesses of 8chediJe 140 or heavier, tlie minimum specification tensile strength is 483 MPa (70.0 kip/in ). 

The minimum tensile strength of the reduced section tensile specimen in accordance with QW-462.1 of A8ME Code 8ec. IX shall not be less than 758 MPa (110.0 kip/in-). 

The basis of modem silicone chemistry was, however, laid by Professor F. S. Kipping at the University College, Nottingham, between the years 1899 and 1944. During this period Kipping published a series of 51 main papers and some... 

Nevertheless Kipping made a number of contributions of value to the modem silicone industry. In 1904 he introduced the use of Grignard reagents for the preparation of chlorosilanes and later discovered the principle of the inter-molecular condensation of the silane diols, the basis of current polymerisation practice. The term silicone was also given by Kipping to the hydrolysis products of the disubstituted silicon chlorides because he at one time considered them as being analogous to the ketones. 

The use of the Grignard reagents of the type RMgX for the production of alkyl-and aryl-chlorosilanes was pioneered by Kipping in 1904 and has been for a long time the favoured laboratory method for producing these materials. 

Combination of these various methods has led to a vast number of derivatives in which H is progressively replaced by one or more monofunctional group such as F, Cl, Br, I, CN, R, Ar, OR, SH, SR, NH2, NR2, etc. The cyclic silanes SisHm and Si6Hi2 were prepared in the late 1970s via (SiPh) which were themselves the first known homocyclic silane derivatives (F. S. Kipping, 1921) ... 

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