Kipp’s apparatus

Kipp s apparatus Equipment for the production of a gas by interaction of a liquid and a solid. It consists of three receptacles, the top is reservoir for the liquid and is connected to the bottom. The middle contains the solid and a tap for the gas. When gas is released the liquid rises and reacts with the solid, when the tap is closed the back pressure returns the liquid lo the lower reservoir and reaction cease . Once widely used for the production of H.S (HCl and FeS) and C O (HCl and CaC(3,<). 

The tribromobenzene obtained in this way should be entirely free from unchanged tribromoaniline. To test its purity, dissolve a small quantity in hot dry benzene and pass in hydrogen chloride gas from a Kipp s apparatus no trace of crystals of tribromoaniline hydrochloride should appear. Note also that although the m.p.s of the two compounds are almost identical, that of the recrystallised product from the above preparation is considerably depressed by admixture with tribromoaniline. 

Hydrogen chloride. Method 1 from concentrated sulphuric acid and fused ammonium chloride). The most convenient procedure is to allow concentrated sulphuric acid to react with lumps of fused ammonium chloride in a Kipp s apparatus. The gas may be dried by passage through a wash bottle containing concentrated sulphuric acid the latter should be followed by an empty wash bottle or flask as a precaution against sucking back of the contents of the reaction vessel. 

Carbon dioxide. This gas is conveniently generated from marble and dilute hydrochloric acid (1 1) in a Kipp s apparatus it should be passed through a wash bottle containing water or sodium bicarbonate solution to remove acid spray and, if required dry, through two further wash bottles charged with concentrated sulphuric acid. 

Chemists use whatever tools they can find in their laboratories to take full advantage of the properties of acids and bases. One tool they use is Kipp s apparatus, a piece of laboratory equipment that relies on acid-base chemistry to do its job. Named for its inventor, Dutch pharmacist Petrus Johannes Kipp (1808-1864), Kipp s apparatus (or gas generator) is especially useful for creating gases, such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, or hydrogen sulfide, that the chemists can then use in other chemical reactions. 

Figure 5.1 Made with three connected glass bowls, Kipp s apparatus relies on acid-base chemistry in order to produce gasses—such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, or hydrogen sulfide—for chemists to use in other chemical reactions.

To make hydrogen sulfide gas, pieces of iron(II) sulfide (instead of zinc) are placed in the center bowl of a Kipp s apparatus ... 

Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless gas that smells like rotten eggs. Because of its smell, it is often called stink gas or sewer gas. It is also poisonous. Because of its toxic nature, and smell, a Kipp s apparatus generating hydrogen sulfide gas should always be kept under a fume hood. 

Darling, David. Kipp s apparatus, The Internet Encyclopedia of Science Web site. Available online. URL http //www. daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/K/Kipps apparatus.html. Accessed on March 17, 2008. 

Iron(II) sulfide occurs in nature as the minerals magnetkies, troilhte and pyrrhotine. The most important application of this compound is in Kipp s apparatus as a source for laboratory preparation of hydrogen sulfide. It also is used in paints, pigments, and ceramics and lubricant coatings. 

To prepare iodine trichloride, heat 20 grms. of iodine in a retort, A, Fig. 26, which delivers into a glass balloon II filled with chlorine, and connected with a Kipp s apparatus C delivering chlorine. The chlorine is rapidly absorbed as soon as it comes in contact with the vapour of iodine, and reddish-yellow crystals of iodine trichloride are formed on the walls of the balloon. The excess of chlorine is finally expelled by a stream of carbon dioxide.. If the crystals are desired, the balloon must bo broken if a soln. of iodine trichloride is desired, the crystals can be dissolved in about ten times their weight of water. 

H. Erdmann s apparatus for preparing hydrogen chloride in a Kipp s apparatus is illustrated in Fig. 9. The middle bulb of the Kipp s apparatus contains pumice stone the upper and lower bulbs contain hydrochloric acid the upper end of Kipp s apparatus is closed by a rubber stopper fitted with a bulb containing potash lye. The separating funnel contains cone, sulphuric acid, and it leads to the inner bulb via a trap A containing sufficient mercury to cover the opening of the down-tube from the separatory funnel. Otherwise the diagram explains itself. A wash-bottle can be fitted to the exit tube B in the ordinary way. 

From Salts.—(a) Sulphites, thiosulphates and polythionates readily liberate sulphur dioxide when treated with an acid, or, in the case of the salts of the heavier metals, when merely heated. Calcium sulphite mixed with plaster of Paris and moulded into cubes forms a suitable material for use with sulphuric acid in an automatic gas generator such as Kipp s apparatus.6... 

The combustion may be carried out in two ways (a) in a tube sealed at one end, the C02 being generated from materials inside the tube, and (6) in a tube open at both ends, the C02 being generated in a second vessel or in a Kipp s apparatus of the Pregl type and passed into the combustion tube. Method (a) is the more convenient when estimations are conducted occasionally, and method (b) when estimations are frequently conducted. 

The nitrometer is of the shape described by Pregl and is graduated in 0 05 c.c. divisions for 10 c.cs. 50 per cent. KOH with the addition of a small amount of Ba(OH)2 (to prevent frothing) is used. The C02 is supplied from a Kipp s apparatus, modified along the lines recommended by Pregl. 

Hydrogen chloride was generated by dropping concentrated sulfuric acid on ammonium chloride. Hydrogen sulfide was generated in a Kipp s apparatus from iron sulfide and hydrochloric acid. (The checkers used tank hydrogen sulfide.)... 

This very poisonous gas should only be prepared and used in an efficient fume cupboard. It is usually generated from iron(n) sulphide and dilute hydrochloric acid (1 3) in a Kipp s apparatus it should be washed with water to remove acid spray. The resulting hydrogen sulphide contains hydrogen because of the presence of free iron in commercial iron(n) sulphide. 

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