Kinetics of solution

Moelwyn-Hughes, E. A., The Chemical Statics and Kinetics of Solutions, Academic Press, New York, 1971. 

With the advent of picosecond-pulse radiolysis and laser technologies, it has been possible to study geminate-ion recombination (Jonah et al, 1979 Sauer and Jonah, 1980 Tagawa et al 1982a, b) and subsequently electron-ion recombination (Katsumura et al, 1982 Tagawa et al, 1983 Jonah, 1983) in hydrocarbon liquids. Using cyclohexane solutions of 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) and p-terphenyl (PT), Jonah et al. (1979) observed light emission from the first excited state of the solutes, interpreted in terms of solute cation-anion recombination. In the early work of Sauer and Jonah (1980), the kinetics of solute excited state formation was studied in cyclohexane solutions of DPA and PT, and some inconsistency with respect to the solution of the diffusion equation was noted.1... 

The most commercially important mechanism of all is the kinetics of solute transfer from an aqueous to a reverse micelle phase. The kinetics of extraction of metal ions have not received the same research attention as the extraction capacity of W/O microemulsions. As the mechanism of extraction of metal ions is chemical, the effect of creating a microemulsion in an organic phase that contains the reactant can be measured experimentally. Results indicate that, as in the case of extraction equilibrium, the rate of extraction may increase substantially by the presence of the microemulsion as compared with the conventional system [20,38,44] or decrease it to... 

The Kinetics of Solution of Cellulose Nitrates in Explosive Plasticizers , PATR 1786 (Oct 1950)... 

Dr. Kapo How does diffusion influence the kinetics of solution ... 

Each year, hundres of thousands of tons of vinyl chloride are polymerized in the world. Commensurate attention is thus paid to studies of its polymerization. Vinyl chloride is one of those monomers that are transformed to polymer by a complicated mechanism. Poly(vinyl chloride) is soluble neither in its own monomer nor in the common solvents. Its formation is therefore connected with the appearance of a solid phase the process has the character of precipitation polymerization. This greatly complicates the kinetics of solution and bulk (suspension) polymerization. 

J. E. Leffler and E. Grunwald Rates and Equilibria of Organic Reactions, Wiley, New York, London, 1963, p. 15ff. [2] E. A. Moelwyn-Hughes The Chemical Statics and Kinetics of Solutions, Academic Press, London, New York, 1971, Chapter 3. [3] M. J. Blandamer Chemical Equilibria in Solution, Dependence of Rate and Equilibrium Constants on Temperature and Pressure, Ellis Hor-wood and Prentice-Hall, London, 1992. [4] P. W. Atkins Physical Chemistry, 6 ed., Oxford... 

The molecular description of rate processes in solutions is possible to the extent that a molecular description of the behavior of solutions is available. While no rigorous, molecular theory of solutions has been developed, there are a number of semiempirical models which will provide a framework for discussing the kinetics of solutions. For the purposes of our discussion it is convenient to classify solutions as those in which the average interactions between neighboring molecules are of the order of kT or less (weak interactions) and those in which they are much greater than kT (strong interactions). As we will see later, this corresponds in a crude fashion to the distinction between noiiionic and ionic solutions. In the following sections, we shall consider first the behavior of nonionic systems. 

Sato, H., Suzuki, K., Okada, M. and Garti, N. (1985). Solvent effects on kinetics of solution-mediated transition of stearic acid polymorphs. J. Cryst. Growth, 72, 699-704. [28]... 

Kuu WY, Wood RW, and Roseman TJ. Factors influencing the kinetics of solute release. In Kydonieus A, ed. Treatise on Controlled Drug Delivery. New York Marcel Dekker, 1992, pp. 37-154. 

Castorioa, Ibid, "Explosive Plasticizers for Nitrocellulose", PATR 1755 (Dec 1949) 13) H.A. Aaronson, "Basic Research.on Rocket Propellants High Polymer Systems. The Kinetics of Solution of Cellulose Nitrates in Explosive Plasticizers", PATR 1786 (Oct 1950)... 

The kinetics of solution polymerizations involving CCT are not substantially different from bulk polymerizations. An initial report that toluene as a solvent led to reduced catalysis rate336 seems to be unfounded.124... 

Considering kinetics of solute release on the LM-receiving phase interface we can analyze the same chemical reactions (Eq. (39)) in an opposite direction (but at different thermodynamic conditions) ... 

The influence of the Schlieren effect on the analytical output depends on the optical performance of the spectrophotometer [83], the number of mirror interfaces and the intensity and direction of the concentration gradients. The latter parameters are closely related to the concentrations of the solutions involved, the mixing conditions and the kinetics of solution inter-mixing and hence the transport number of the related chemical species, as discussed below. 

Rubel, J. W., and Gentry, G. O. (1984) Measurement of the kinetics of solution droplets in the presence of adsorbed monolayers determination of water accommodation coefficients, J. Phys. Chem., 88,3142-3148. 

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