Kinematic viscosity, defined

V = kinematic viscosity (defined as the absolute viscosity divided by the density of the liquid)... 

Sometimes, the kinematic viscosity defined by Tjjj = T /q in units of m /s is also used. 

The kinematic viscosity is defined as the ratio between the absolute viscosity and the density. It is expressed in m /s. The most commonly used unit is mm /s formerly called centistoke, cSt. 

Cranking Simulator), by a pumpability temperature limit measured by a rotating mini viscometer, and by the minimum kinematic viscosity at 100°C. The five summer grades are defined by bracketing kinematic viscosities at 100°C. 

The viscosity is determined by measuring the time it takes for a crude to flow through a capillary tube of a given length at a precise temperature. This is called the kinematic viscosity, expressed in mm /s. It is defined by the standards, NF T 60-100 or ASTM D 445. Viscosity can also be determined by measuring the time it takes for the oil to flow through a calibrated orifice standard ASTM D 88. It is expressed in Saybolt seconds (SSU). 

Mutual Diffusivity, Mass Diffusivity, Interdiffusion Coefficient Diffusivity is denoted by D g and is defined by Tick s first law as the ratio of the flux to the concentration gradient, as in Eq. (5-181). It is analogous to the thermal diffusivity in Fourier s law and to the kinematic viscosity in Newton s law. These analogies are flawed because both heat and momentum are conveniently defined with respec t to fixed coordinates, irrespective of the direction of transfer or its magnitude, while mass diffusivity most commonly requires information about bulk motion of the medium in which diffusion occurs. For hquids, it is common to refer to the hmit of infinite dilution of A in B using the symbol, D°g. 

Note that the kinematic viscosity of a fluid is defined as the ratio of its viscosity to the fluid density. The c.g.s. unit of kinematic viscosity is usually called the stoke, and is equal to 1 cmVsec. 

Where ij. is defined as the kinematic viscosity (centistokes), and is a constant with a value of 2,213.8 in USCS units and 353.68 in SI units. An empirical relation for the Fanning friction factor is the Colebrook-White equation ... 

In decreasing order of exactness, methods of defining viscosity include absolute (poise) viscosity kinematic viscosity in centistokes relative viscosity in Saybolt universal seconds (SUS) and SAE numbers. 

The Prandtl number Pr is defined as the ratio of the kinematic viscosity to the thermal diffusivity. 

In addition, the U.S. Pharmacopoeia includes the explanation of kinematic viscosity [units in stoke (s) and centistoke (cs)], defined as the absolute viscosity divided by the density of the liquid at a definite temperature, p ... 

The first term on the right-hand side of Equation (2) describes the formation rate of k-flocs, and the second term is the disappearance rate. In the present study the flow was turbulent, and an effective shear rate was calculated as (e/v) / (19), where e is the energy dissipation, W/kg, and v is the kinematic viscosity, m /s. Equation (2) was also extended to include a collision efficiency factor, a, defined as... 

As mentioned before in Eq. (3), the most common source of SGS phenomena is turbulence due to the Reynolds number of the flow. It is thus important to understand what the principal length and time scales in turbulent flow are, and how they depend on Reynolds number. In a CFD code, a turbulence model will provide the local values of the turbulent kinetic energy k and the turbulent dissipation rate s. These quantities, combined with the kinematic viscosity of the fluid v, define the length and time scales given in Table I. Moreover, they define the local turbulent Reynolds number ReL also given in the table. 

In the discussion above, we have considered only the velocity field in a turbulent flow. What about the length and time scales for turbulent mixing of a scalar field The general answer to this question is discussed in detail in Fox (2003). Here, we will only consider the simplest case where the scalar field 4> is inert and initially nonpremixed with a scalar integral length scale that is approximately equal to Lu. If we denote the molecular diffusivity of the scalar by T, we can use the kinematic viscosity to define a dimensionless number in the following way ... 

The unit of viscosity is the poise (gem-1 s-1). Kinematic viscosity v is often used and is defined as... 

Various correlations for mean droplet size generated by plain-jet, prefilming, and miscellaneous air-blast atomizers using air as atomization gas are listed in Tables 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, and 4.10, respectively. In these correlations, ALR is the mass flow rate ratio of air to liquid, ALR = mAlmL, Dp is the prefilmer diameter, Dh is the hydraulic mean diameter of air exit duct, vr is the kinematic viscosity ratio relative to water, a is the radial distance from cup lip, DL is the diameter of cup at lip, Up is the cup peripheral velocity, Ur is the air to liquid velocity ratio defined as U=UAIUp, Lw is the diameter of wetted periphery between air and liquid streams, Aa is the flow area of atomizing air stream, m is a power index, PA is the pressure of air, and B is a composite numerical factor. The important parameters influencing the mean droplet size include relative velocity between atomization air/gas and liquid, mass flow rate ratio of air to liquid, physical properties of liquid (viscosity, density, surface tension) and air (density), and atomizer geometry as described by nozzle diameter, prefilmer diameter, etc. 

The relationship between the various length scales can be best understood by looking at their dependence on the turbulence Reynolds number defined in terms of the turbulent kinetic energy k, the turbulent dissipation rate e, and the kinematic viscosity v by... 

Viscosity, as it was defined in Equation (15.1), is often called the dynamic viscosity. The most common unit of dynamic viscosity is the centipoise, a unit based on force per rate. The base unit, the poise (100 centipoise per poise) is seldom used. Of more practical significance is kinematic viscosity, which is the dynamic viscosity divided by the density of the fluid ... 

Define rheology, shear force, shear stress, shear rate, Newtonian fluid, dynamic viscosity, centi-poise, kinematic viscosity, centistokes, viscometry, and viscometer. 

---