Kidney injury molecule-1, urinary

Serum creatinine and BUN, the most common indicators of renal function used in both clinical and preclinical safety laboratory panels, are relatively insensitive markers of injury, particularly for the renal tubules. Urinary measurements of alanine aminopeptidase and A-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) can provide much more sensitivity when nephrotoxicity is a potential safety concern [28,29], These are also suitable for safety monitoring in early-phase human trials if preclinical studies validate such use to monitor product nephrotoxicity. 

IchimuraT, Hung CC, Yang SA, et al. Kidney injury molecule-1 a tissue and urinary biomarker for nephrotoxicant-induced renal injury. Am JRenal Physiol 2004 286(3) F552-63. 

Zhang Z, Humphreys BD, Bonventre JV. Shedding of the urinary biomarker kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is regulated by MAP kinases and juxtamembrane region. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 18 2704-14. 

Han WK, Allnani A, Wu CL, Michaelson D, Loda M, McGovern FJ,Thadhani R, Bonventre JV Human kidney injury molecule-1 is a tissue and urinary tumor marker of renal cell carcinoma. J Am Soc Nephrol 16 1126-1134,2005. 

LiangosO, Perianayagam MC, Vaidya VS, Han WK, Wald R,Tighiouart H, MacKinnon RW, Li L, Balakrishnan VS, Pereira BJ, Bonventre JV, Jaber BL. Urinary N-acetyl-beta-(D)-glucosaminidase activity and kidney injury molecule-1 level are associated with adverse outcomes in acute renal failure J Am Soc Nephrol 2007 18 904-912. 

Vaidya VS, RamirezV, IchimuraT, Bobadilla NA, Bonventre JV Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 A sensitive quantitative biomarker for early detection of kidney tubular injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006 290 F517 -F529. 

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