Kidney cancer hypercalcemia with

Hypercalcemia of malignancy is a common occurrence in solid tumors of the lung and breast as well as multiple myeloma and adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (26). The hypercalcemia associated with breast cancer is usually seen in late stages of the disease in patients with extensive bone metastases. In squamous cell carcinoma of the lung or kidney, however, hypercalcemia is not correlated with disease stage and is not necessarily associated with bone metastases. The hypercalcemia results from increased bone resorption, decreased bone formation and increased renal tubular calcium reabsorption. These findings suggest that some tumors may secrete humoral factors with PTH-like actions. 

PTH levels observed but also a decrease in serum calcium and phosphorous levels. This represents a significant therapeutic advantage over vitamin D-based treatments for secondary hyperparathyroidism (19). Cinacalcet hydrochloride is a second-generation calcimimetic approved for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis and for the treatment of hypercalcemia in patients with parathyroid cancer. It can be used alone, with vitamin D, and/or with a phosphate binder (51). 

In hospitalized patients, hypercalcemia of malignancy is the major cause of hypercalcemia (26,, , 54). In two separate studies, 9X of all cancer patients had hypercalcemia of malignancy (. 56). Hypercalcemia of malignancy is most common in solid tumors such as carcinomas of the lung, breast, kidney, pancreas and ovary, but also occurs with multiple myeloma and adult T-cell lymphoma/ leukemia. It has been estimated that there is approximately an equal distribution between humoral factors and metastatic bone tumors for causing hypercalcemia of malignancy (26,57,58). 

---