Kidney acetyl phosphatase

Anagnostopoulos found that the amino group reagents ketene, nitrous acid, formaldehyde, and phenyl isocyanate all inactivated bovine liver and kidney phosphatases 102). On the other hand, acetylation of chicken intestinal phosphatase with acetic anhydride gave an active product with optimum activity more alkaline than normal 103). The enzyme preparation was impure and acetylation only 70% complete... 

Nitric oxide donors [sodium nitroprusside, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine or l-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-(N-methyl-6-aminohexyl)-3-methyl-l-triazene = NOC-9] did not affect the activities of non-specific alkaline phosphatase and non-specific esterase in rat and mouse kidney proximal tubulo-cytes which do not contain nitric oxide synthase I (Dahrmann etal. 1997). However, the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1), cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), and cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) and different types of adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3) were found reduced. 

Ad (3) Enzymes, such as N-acetyl-p-o-glucosamidase (NAG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, and a-glutathione-S-transferase (a-GST) are released from dead PT cells that are washed out into the urine. The lysosomal enzyme NAG has been very useful in the moiutoring of human populations [414,422]. Recent studies suggest that a-GST may be a more sensitive early marker of Cd-induced kidney injury than NAG in human populations and animal experiments [423 25]. It is up-regulated by both Cd and oxidative stress, which could explain why it appears in urine before other cytosolic enzymes. 

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