Halides ketones

Treatment with alkaline H2O2 oxidizes trialkylboranes to esters of boric acid. This reaction does not affect double or triple bonds, aldehydes, ketones, halides, or nitriles. The R group does not rearrange, and this reaction is a step in the hydro-boration method of converting alkenes to alcohols (15-16). The mechanism has been formulated as involving a rearrangement from boron to oxygenr ... 

Keywords aldehyde, ketone, halide, Reformatsky reaction, Luche reaction, Zn, NH4C1, /Miydroxy ester... 

Acids and bases > alcohols and thiols > aldehydes and ketones > halides and esters > unsaturated hydrocarbons > saturated hydrocarbons... 

From the examples in Figure 9.8, it can be seen that these urea clathrates (also known as inclusion compounds, adducts, or channel or cage compounds the process itself has been dubbed extractive crystallization17) are not confined to n-alkanes, but are also formed with straight-chain olefins, alcohols, esters, ketones, halides, etc. An X-ray structure determination18 first demonstrated the spiral hexagonal structure formed by the urea and the approximately 0.7 urea molecules per carbon of chain length.15... 

The Minisci reaction has successfully been applied for the alkylation of various heteroarenes, i. e. lepidine, pyrazine, quinoline and quinoxaline [2e, 2g, 10]. Organic compounds such as alkanes, alkenes, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, amines, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, halides etc. have been successfully used as radical precursors in the Minisci reaction. A good overview of the different methods which have been applied to generate the alkyl radicals in these processes is summarized in [10b]. 

All of the reactions of fluoroaziridines described above involve ring opening, but introduction of substituents onto an intact ring is an important addition to the reaction repertoire. Paralleling oxirane chemistry (e.g., 34-36), chiral aziridine 147 was deprotonated with butyllithium at — 102°C, and the resulting anion 201 was allowed to react with a variety of electrophiles." They included aldehydes, ketones, halides, and a disulfide. Reaction with benzaldehyde, for example, afforded aziridinyl alcohol 202 with preservation of configuration in 82% yield. 

Entry R Bi Form Ketone/Halide/Bi Ratio Yield (%) ... 

The use of [Ru(02CMes)2(p-cymene)] was extended to the hydro-arylation of phenylpyridine, indole, thiophene, phenylpyrazole and phenylimidazole with unactivated alkenes. The eatalytic system was tolerant to valuable functional groups in the alkene sueh as ether, ketone, halides, esters and vinyl silanes. 

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