Organic halides to form ketones

The reactions conducted with organotin reagents were among the first examples of carbonylative couplings to form ketones and were reported by Tanaka and by Beletskaya (Equations 19.77 and 19.78). The relationship between this chemistry and what has been called Stille coupling has led these carbonylations to be called carbonylative Stille 

CHAPTER 19 TRANSITION METAL-CATALYZED COUPLING REACTIONS 

The carbonylation of aliphatic halides to form ketones is less common than the carbo-nylation of aryl and vinyl halides. However, examples of this process are known, and one example conducted under photochemical conditions to accelerate the oxidative addition of the alkyl halide via radical intermediates is shown in Equation 19.87.  

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