Sugar ketone

Glycols, poly-hydric alcohols, polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones (sugars)... 

POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS AND THE POLYHYDROXY ALDEHYDES AND KETONES (SUGARS)... 

Eeton-saure, /. ketonic acid, keto acid, -spal-tung,/. ketonic cleavage, -zucker, m. ketonic sugar. 

Esters ketones (sugars) 5. Mercaptans tertiary amines... 

Uses Reagent for aldehydes, ketones, sugars manufacturing dyes, and antipyrine organic synthesis. 

The lower members of the homologous series of 1. Alcohols 2. Aldehydes 3. Ketones 4. Acids 5. Esters 6. Phenols 7. Anhydrides 8. Amines 9. Nitriles 10. Polyhydroxy phenols 1. Polybasic acids and hydro-oxy acids. 2. Glycols, poly-hydric alcohols, polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones (sugars) 3. Some amides, ammo acids, di-and polyamino compounds, amino alcohols 4. Sulphonic acids 5. Sulphinic acids 6. Salts 1. Acids 2. Phenols 3. Imides 4. Some primary and secondary nitro compounds oximes 5. Mercaptans and thiophenols 6. Sulphonic acids, sulphinic acids, sulphuric acids, and sul-phonamides 7. Some diketones and (3-keto esters 1. Primary amines 2. Secondary aliphatic and aryl-alkyl amines 3. Aliphatic and some aryl-alkyl tertiary amines 4. Hydrazines 1. Unsaturated hydrocarbons 2. Some poly-alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons 3. Alcohols 4. Aldehydes 5. Ketones 6. Esters 7. Anhydrides 8. Ethers and acetals 9. Lactones 10. Acyl halides 1. Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons Cyclic paraffin hydrocarbons 3. Aromatic hydrocarbons 4. Halogen derivatives of 1, 2 and 3 5. Diaryl ethers 1. Nitro compounds (tertiary) 2. Amides and derivatives of aldehydes and ketones 3. Nitriles 4. Negatively substituted amines 5. Nitroso, azo, hy-drazo, and other intermediate reduction products of nitro com-pounds 6. Sulphones, sul-phonamides of secondary amines, sulphides, sulphates and other Sulphur compounds... 

A compound containing the C=0 group. Aldehydes, ketone, sugars and proteins all contain the C=0 bond. 

When, however, a ketone sugar is similarly oxidized, the original carbon chain is broken at the ketone group and the acids resulting have a smaller number of carbon atoms than the carbohydrate. 

Both D- and L-forms of the ketohexose related equally to altrose and allose are known. In conformity with the present system of nomenclature for ketone sugars, the name allulose is used in preference to the older terms pseudofriictose, psicose, 2-ketoribohexose, etc. 

Bols [27] reported an improved synthesis of isofagomin 32 and noeuromycin 34 from D-ara-binose in six and seven steps, respectively. As shown in O Scheme 12, Henry reaction of ketone sugar 29 gave the nitromethane adduct benzyl 4-deoxy-4-C-nitromethylene-D-arabi-... 

From To — Akanes CycJoaikanes Akenes Akynes Aryls Halogen compounds Alcohols Phenols Ethers, Quinones B, 5 and Si compounds P and BI compounds Nttro. Nitroso, Azo. Azoxy, Hydrazo Azides Amines Organometahic compounds Adehydes Ketones Acids. AnHyd rides. Esters Amides, Amidines. Nitriles Hydroxy-aldehydes or -ketones. Sugars. Hydroxy acids Ammo acids. Peptides Heterocycles Nucleosides Miscellaneous, including heterocycles... 

Hydroxy-aldehydes or -ketones. Sugars. Hydroxy adds 10fl 328 7,13,109,197.203. 315,411 159 176 ... 

We should also note that when the carbonyl group of a ketone is bonded to a —CH2OH group, the molecule will give a positive Benedict s test. This occurs because such ketones are converted to aldehydes under basic conditions. In Chapter 17 we will see that this applies to the ketone sugars, as well. They are converted to aldehyde sugars and react with Benedict s reagent. 

Fructose is a ketose, or ketone sugar. Recall that the reaction between an alcohol and a ketone )delds a hemiketal. Thus the reaction between the C-2 keto group and the C-5 hydroxyl group in the fructose molecule produces an intramolecular hemiketal. Fructose forms a five-membered ring structure. 

In aldol condensation, aldehydes and ketones react to form a larger molecule (Section 14.4). This reaction is a reverse aldol condensation. The large ketone sugar fructose-l,6-bisphosphate is broken down into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (a ketone) and gIyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (an aldehyde). 

Aldehydes Ketones Perlvettvet or Ketones, Sugars Peptides 3,4.5-Rings 6,7, Large Rings and Nucleosides Mlsceianeous... 

D-Erythrulose is a four carbon ketone sugar. It is classified as a ketotetrose. 

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