Kerr, John

JOHN A. QUINN, University of Peimsylvania KENNETH J. RICHARDS, Kerr-McGee Corporation JOHN P. SACHS, Horsehead Industries, Inc. 

Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry of Fluorine, by Jean-Kerre Begue and Daniele Bonnet-Delpon Copyright 2008 John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

In 1875 John Kerr carried out experiments on glass and detected electric-field-induced optical anisotropy. A quadratic dependence of n on E0 is now known as the Kerr effect. In 1883 both Wilhelm Rontgen and August Kundt independently reported a linear electro-optic effect in quartz which was analysed by Pockels in 1893. The linear electro-optical effect is termed the Pockels effect. 

Friedrich Carl Alwin Pockels (1865-1913). 85 John Kerr (1824-1907). 

Peng Jiang, University of Florida, Gainesville Satya Jujjuir, University of Kentucky, Lexington Romas Kazlauskas, University of Minnesota, St. Paul Richard Kelley, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois Ray Kellman, Research Corporation, Tucsan, Arizona John Kerr, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California... 

Kay, Ronald D., 155 Kerr, Margaret E., 19 Kirchhoff, Mary M., 187 Klingshim, Marc A., 79 Levy, Irvin J., 155 Spessard, Gary O., 79 Stafford, Sue P., 55 Warner, John C., 117,167 Zimmerman, Julie Beth, 137... 

The fact that the optical properties of materials can be altered by a strong electric field was noted by John Kerr in 1875. For example, while glass is normally isotropic, when an electric field is applied, the refractive index of glass becomes anisotropic so that it has different values along the field direction and perpendicular to it. A similar behavior was noted by Friedrich Pockels in 1893 for certain crystals that did not have a center of symmetry in their structure. 

A more detailed submission was made by Professor John Graham Kerr (later Sir John Graham Kerr), Regius Professor of Zoology at the University of Glasgow. He informed the committee that he had first approached Winston Churchill, then the F irst Sea Lord, by letter as early as 24 September 1914 with his proposals on protective colouring for... 

John Osgood, Pennsylvania Bureau of Water Quality Wayne Pettyjohn, Oklahoma State University Paul Roberts, Stanford University Jack Robertson, Weston Designers Consultants Dave Severn, U.S. EPA, Hazard Evaluation Division Jerry Thornhill, U.S. EPA, Kerr Research Center Frank Trainer, USGS, retired Warren Wood, USGS... 

David E. Kerr, Karen Plant, A. John Bramley, Christine M. Williamson, Alistair J. Lax, Karen Moore, Kevin D. Wells, Robert J. Wall, Lysostaphin expression in mammary glands confers protection against staphylococcal infection in transgenic mice, Nature Biotechnology, 19 (2001), 66-70. 

Kerr effect The ability of certain substances to relfact differently light waves whose vibrations are in two directions (see DOUBLE REFRAcrtoN) when the substance is placed in an electric field. The effect, discovered in 1875 by John Kerr (1824-1907), is caused by the fact that certain molecules have electric dipoles, which tend to be orientated by the applied field the normal random motions of the molecules tends to destroy this orientation and the balance is struck by the relative magnitudes of the field strength, the temperature, and the magnitudes of the dipole moments. 

Kemper, John Dustin, 28-29, 32, 187 Kennedy, John F., 151, 181 Kerr, Clark, 169 Kheel, Theodore W., 143 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 43 Kinzel, Augustus, 60 Klein, Button H., 174 Kluver, Billy, 138, 140, 142-44,148, 230n71... 

Fig. 13 Transient absorption spectra 400 nm excitation at a series of pump-probe delays a) from 1 to 50 ps b) from 50 to 1500 ps c) from 1.5 to 6 ns. The insets show absorption-time profiles at a) 460 nm, b) 420 nm, and c) 386 nm. The sharp features around 400 nra are due to artefacts from the pump pulses, (d) Kerr gated time-resolved emission. The time delays from top to bottom are 0.2, 0.5, 1,2, 5, 10, 30, and 1000 ps. The inset shows the emission time profile at 590 nm. From C. C. Ko, W. M. Kwok, V. W. W. Yam and D. L. Phillips, Chemistry - A European Journal, 2006, 12, 5840-5848. Copyright 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Sinead Kerr and John Kerr at the 2010 European Figure Skating Championships... 

The magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE), discovered by John Kerr in 1877, is similar to the Faraday effect, except it rotates the plane of polarization of light reflected from a solid that contains a magnetic field. As such it is a valuable tool for visualizing magnetic domains. 

Some Chinese translations of European elementary chemistry textbooks were also good sources of chemical knowledge in those days for Japanese intellectuals who were well-versed in the Chinese literary language. Huaxue Chujie, a translation of Wells s Principles and Applications of Chemistry by John Kerr and Ho Liao-jan [He Liaoran], was imported, reprinted, and even translated into Japanese. ... 

Commonly known as the Kerr Effect, this is the best known electro-optic phenomenon. Although initially studied in glasses by John Kerr (J) in 1875, who considered the birefringence to be related to electrically induced strain in the material, it is now used widely to follow the alignment due to orientation and deformation of macro-particles in solution and suspension (2—4). It owes its origin to anistropy of the refractive indices associated with the major geometric axes of the molecules. 

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