Kerosene dryer

This relationship among solvents has been long used to dry (and rinse) water from parts in what was formerly called a "kerosene dryer," whereby water-wet surfaces would be washed with kerosene. Since they are mumally immiscible (Figure 3.27), the water was displaced from the parts by the kerosene. When the kerosene evaporated the parts would be left dry of water. Obviously, this technology predated recognition of smog-forming chemicals such as VOCs. 

For comparison, the Ra between SA and RA for water and kerosene (Chapter 3.6.1 about kerosene dryers) is 24.6 A rotated three-dimensional plot of the relationship... 

The information in Table 3.9 allows one to place Figures 3.27 (kerosene and water, kerosene dryer, Ra = 24.6 MPa )... 

In the Class II B cosolvent process with Soygold 1000 as the SA cosolvent and HFE-7200 as the RA cosolvent, the Ra between these "immiscible" SA and RA cosolvents is only 11.2 MPa. This cosolvent process is not known for excellent rinsing. Figure 3.28 shows where the HSP overlap between solvents is insubstantial compared to that of a kerosene dryer in which excellent rinsing is completed (see Rgure 3.27). 

V. Water is not involved in commercial cosolvent machines of Class II, III, or IV. The example of the kerosene dryer was noted to provide a simple explanation and a practical example of Class II cosolvent machines. 

Actually a more relevant example of Class II cosolvent machines, and of the kerosene dryer, is the fluorocarbon-based dryer for removal of water from part surfaces. Flere the substrate is to be dried by displacement. Drying in this manner avoids an energy consuming drying step (evaporation of water) and can greatly expedite subsequent processing of the substrate component. No thermal stresses are applied to components on surfaces. 

Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, particulates, nitrogen dioxide, benzoapryene, etc. from combustion sources including gas ranges, dryers, water heaters, kerosene heaters, fireplaces, wood stoves, garage, etc. Aminos from humidification equipment ... 

Most alkanes are obtained from the separation of crude oil into various fractions, depending on their boiling points. The first four alkanes are gases. Methane is the main component of natural gas. Propane and butane are also used as fuels. Propane is used for home heating, stoves, and clothes dryers and as a fuel in specially adapted vehicles. The next four alkanes—pentane through octane—are liquids. Various forms of these alkanes are the main constituents of gasoline. Alkanes from nonane (9 carbons) to the 16-carbon hexadecane are used in kerosene and in diesel and jet fuel. 

Example 20.1. By extraction with kerosene, 2 tons of waxed paper per day is to be dewaxed in a continuous countercurrent extraction system that contains a number of ideal stages. The waxed paper contains, by weight, 25 percent paraffin wax and 75 percent paper pulp. The extracted pulp is put through a dryer to evaporate the kerosene. The pulp, which retains the unextracted wax after evaporation, must not contain over 0.2 lb of wax per 100 lb of wax-free pulp. The kerosene used for the extraction contains 0.05 lb of wax per 100 lb of wax-free kerosene. Experiments show that the pulp retains 2.0 lb of kerosene per pound of kerosene- and wax-free pulp as it is transferred from cell to cell. The extract from the battery is to contain 5 lb of wax per 100 lb of wax-free kerosene. How many stages are required ... 

Murthy, B. V. (1975). Use of Calcium Chloride Dryers for Kerosene in Refinery Operations. Indian Chem. Manuf. 13(11), 24-25. 

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