Kerogen kinetics

In the fast heat-up runs with lean shale, a smaller fraction of kerogen is recovered above 1000°F than one would expect from the rich-shale work, implying a difference in the low-temperature kerogen kinetics. 

Kinetic model Labile kerogen Stabile kerogen Kinetic from asphaltenes (34/4-7) MSSV-pyrolysis (Erdmann. 1999) ... 

Fig. 3. Kinetic signature of the Draupne Source Rock in the study area. The kinetic signature of the asphaltene fraction compared with measured extremes of bulk kerogen kinetic variability (labile and stable) as well as closed system compositional kinetics from Erdmann (1999).

Berner, U., Faber, E., Scheeder, G. Panten, D. 1995. Primary cracking of algal and landplant kerogens kinetic models of isotope variations in methane, ethane and propane. Chemical Geology, 126(3/4), 233-245. 

Numerous kinetic mechanisms have been proposed for oil shale pyrolysis reactions (11—14). It has been generally accepted that the kinetics of the oil shale pyrolysis could be represented by a simple first-order reaction (kerogen — bitumen — oil), or... 

Xiang HE, Banin A (1996) A solid-phase manganese fractionation changes in saturated arid-zone soils Pathways and kinetics. Soil Sci Soc Am J 60 1072-1080 Xiao B, Yu Z, Peng P, Song J, Huang W (2004) Black carbon and kerogen in soils and sediments. 2. Their role in phenanthrene and naphthalene sorption equilibria. Environ Sci Technol 38 5842-52... 

Attempts to devise a kinetic scheme for the low temperature kerogen recovery in hydrogen have been made but have not been successful. The constant temperature data appear capable of being described by a linear combination of first-order exponential terms that might result from the following mechanism ... 

The results are described in several sections. The first section deals with gross variations in organic sulfur with maturity as determined by Py-GC. The relationship between organic sulfur and Rock-Eval Tmax is discussed in the second section. In the third section, yields from flash pyrolysis are used to determine kinetic parameters for the loss of precursors for organic sulfur and other compounds from the kerogen during maturation. The last section describes the maturity-related variations in organic sulfur pyrolysis products. 

Table IV. Kinetic Parameters for the Loss of Thiophene and Hydrocarbon Precursors from Monterey Fm. Kerogens...

The following organisations are thanked for their kind donation of samples Institute Francais du Petrole, British Petroleum, Norsk Hydro. We are grateful to the analytical departments at Bristol University and at BP Research Centre for the elemental analyses. Dr. A. Pepper (BP) is acknowledged for provision of burial history information for the Monterey Fm. kerogens. ll Buxton (Geolab Nor) is thanked for selected TOC determinations. Dr. J.M. Jones (University of Newcastle) is thanked for vitrinite reflectance analyses. We thank Dr. A.K. Burnham for supplementary kinetic analyses. W. Pool is thanked for technical assistance. Drs. K. Peters, W.L. Orr and C.M. White are thanked for critical reviews. 

Before we start to describe thoroughly the kinetics of mineralorganic-filled thermoplasts we would note that in Ref. [13], with the example of PE keroplasts, it was proved that kerogens only very slightly influence polymer crystallization kinetics, and, consequently can be classified as low-energy surface fillers. 

The authors of Ref [13] studied crystallization kinetics of kerogene-filled HOPE, brand 15803-02. 

As can be seen from Table 4, introduction of kerogene into polyethylene does not lead to significant change in isothermic crystallization kinetics. 

As shown in Table 5, Ky and A change rather insignificantly on introduction of kerogene into polyethylene. We can consider, with accuracy sufficient for engineering practice, that the crystallization kinetics of PE keroplasts do not depend on the content of filler in polyethylene. In Fig. 2 we demonstrate the good correlation of theoretical calculations with the experiment. 

Burnham A. K., Braun R. L., Gregg H. R., and Samoun A. M. (1987) Comparison of methods for measuring kerogen pyrolysis rates and fitting kinetic parameters. Energy Fuels... 

Ishiwatari et al. (1977) conducted pyrolysis experiments using controlled kinetics on humic acids and stable residues in recent marine sediment from offshore California. Their results correlate with those in Figure 8 kerogens and stable residues generate liquid compounds, including n-alkanes humic acids, which contain many acid groups, generate mainly CO2 and H2O, with few hydrocarbons and liquid compounds. 

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