Keratan sulfate structure

Funderburgh JL. Keratan sulfate structure, biosynthesis, and function. Glycobiology 2000 10(10) 951—958. 

Keratan Sulfates Structural Investigations Using NMR Spectroscopy... 

G. M. Brown, T. N. Huckerby, H. G. Morris, B. L. Abram, I. A. Nieduszynski, Oligosaccharides derived from bovine articular cartilage keratan sulfates after keratanase II digestion Implications for keratan sulfate structural fingerprinting. Biochemistry 1994 33, 4836-4846. 

Fig. 2 Structures of the major and minor disaccharide sequences of heparin and heparan sulfate as well as the major disaccharide units of chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid, where Ac is acetyl.

Fig. 4.1.4 Structure of keratan sulfate. Cleavage sites for lysosomal enzymes are also indicated (arrows)...

Model building in the computer is used to analyze the conformational effects of steric interactions between atoms of the polymer skeleton for x-carrageenan, t-carrageenan, A-carrageenan, agar, chondroltin, chondroitin sulfates, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and related polysaccharides. Over 99% of the conformations are thus excluded and virtually all of the remainder for each polysaccharide lie close together. Predictions are also made from disaccharide crystal structures and checked against experimental results. 

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are unbranched chains having repeating disaccharide units, which, with the exception of keratan sulfate, contain an acid and a base. The KS disaccharide unit consists of a hexose and a base. The structures of the different classes of GAG disaccharide units are given in Fig. 1, and summarized in Table I. 

Figure 9.13 Structures of repeating units of glycosaminoglycans (A) hyaluronic acid (B) chondroitin sulfate (C) dermatan sulfate (D) two types of keratan sulfate type I is N linked and type II is O linked (E) heparan sulfate. Sulfate residues have been omitted in all cases.

The 220-MHz spectra of chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfate, and of dermatan sulfate, were consistent with structures that had previously been proposed for these compounds, in contrast to the 220-MHz spectrum of keratan sulfate.136 The spectra of chondroitin 6-sulfate, keratan sulfate, and viscous solutions of hyaluronic acid showed broad bands, and, for hyaluronic acid, little structural information could be deduced from its spectrum.136... 

Nilsson B, Nakazawa K, Hassell JR, Newsome DA, Hascall VC. Structure of oligosaccharides and the hnkage region between keratan sulfate and the core protein on proteoglycans from monkey cornea. J. Biol. Chem. 1983 258(10) 6056—6063. 

Oeben M, Keller R, Stuhlsatz HW, Greihng H. Constant and variable domains of different disaccharide structure in corneal keratan sulfate chains. Biochem. J. 1987 248(1) 85—93. 

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